Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biochar on tomatillo growth under greenhouse conditions

Luis López Pérez, Lizbeth Vázquez Lezama, Dario Flores Murillo, Alfredo Reyes Tena

Abstract


Background: Tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa) production in Mexico requires the search for sustainable fertilization alternatives. In this regard, biochar helps retain water and mineral nutrients, while arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance the uptake of these nutrients, making them potentially viable strategies to reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers. Objective: To evaluate the application of biochar and the inoculation of AMF on tomatillo growth. Methodology: A completely randomized experiment was designed, evaluating three percentages of biochar in the substrate (0%, 2.5%, and 5% v/v) and three AMF inocula: two native consortia from agricultural soils in Michoacán ("El Huizachal" and "El Limón"), and one commercial AMF composed of Rhizophagus intraradices and Glomus fasciculatum. Nine treatments were generated with eight replications, for a total of 72 experimental units. The dynamics of plant growth were recorded weekly by measuring plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter. At 60 days after transplanting, the plants were harvested, and the growth parameters as well as microbiological variables were recorded. Results: A significant effect of the evaluated factors was found (p<0.05); biochar at 2.5% and 5% and the commercial AMF promoted stem diameter, aerial fresh weight, and total fresh weight. In the interaction of factors, the combination of commercial AMF with 5% biochar recorded the highest values for leaf area, root dry weight, and total dry weight. On the other hand, the treatment with 2.5% biochar combined with the “El Limón” consortium significantly increased (p<0.05) stem diameter, root and total fresh weight, number of flowers, and root volume and length. The results showed that biochar negatively affected the formation of mycorrhizal symbiosis by reducing AMF colonization and spore number by 72% and 60%, respectively. Implications: The synergy between AMF and biochar depends on the compatibility of the inoculum used and the dose or source of biochar applied. Conclusions: The promotion of tomatillo plant growth depends on the type of mycorrhizal inoculum species and the concentration of biochar in the substrate. This suggests that the use of biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can improve plant performance while contributing to more sustainable agricultural practices.

Keywords


Physalis ixocarpa; Plant-derived biochar; Rhizophagus intraradices; Glomus fasciculatum.

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References


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URN: http://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/urn:ISSN:1870-0462-tsaes.v28i3.64399

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.6439

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Copyright (c) 2025 Alfredo Reyes Tena, Luiz López Pérez, Lizbeth Vázquez Lezama, Dario Flores Murillo

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