The differrent uses of corn in Comapa, Veracruz, Mexico

Abstract

Background: The municipality of Comapa, Veracruz, has different altitudinal zones where hybrid and native corn varieties are cultivated. To date, there are no studies on the uses of these corn varieties. Furthermore, there is no record of the sociodemographic profiles of native corn producers, which is necessary to understand the current state of corn production in this region. Objetive: To identify the use of native corn varietes from Comapa, Veracruz, as well as the uses of hybrid species cultivated by the same producer. Methodology: Two groups (29 male producers and 2 female assistants; 28 women and 3 men responsible for food preparation in their homes) from 15 different communities throughout Comapa, Veracruz, were interviewed. Producers’ interviews were based on a questionnaire with 17 questions regarding their sociodemographic characteristics, types of corn cultivated, and corn usage (adapted from an International Organization). The producers were identified using the snowball sampling technique. Results: Five varieties of native corn were identified, along with 31 producers of these varieties. 54.84 % of the producers combine the sale and self-consumption of the corn they produce (native and hybrid), while 45.16 % also use it for feed. The main productive reason for using hybrid corn was its higher yield (61 %). For native corn, the main reasons reported were low cost and drought resistance, both cited by 23 % of respondents. Those interviewed agreed on corn food uses, with tortillas being the main product. In general, four consumption reasons were cited: organoleptic, nutritional, cultural, and seed availability. Organoleptic reasons were the most frequently mentioned. Implications: The conservation of native corn contributes to meeting the food needs of both producers and their families, as well as their animals. Conclusion: The diversity of corn uses reflects the cultural, nutritional, and economic importance of corn in this region.