Productive attributes for the selection of new sugarcane varieties

Jazmin Lavin-Castañeda, Arturo Perez-Vazquez, Jose Lopez-Collado, Libia Iris Trejo-Tellez, Fernando Carlos Gómez-Merino, Gustavo Lopez Romero

Abstract


Background: In Mexico, the sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) production system relies on a few varieties, increasing its vulnerability to environmental stresses. Genetic variability, the diversity of genes within a population, is essential for adaptation and evolutionary sustainability in the face of environmental changes. Greater diversity translates to greater survival potential. Heritability measures the proportion of this variation that is transmitted, enabling genetic progress through selection. Objective: To evaluate genetic variability, estimate heritability and genetic progress, and analyze the performance of productive attributes of 20 new semi-commercial varieties, compared to four commercial varieties widely cultivated in Mexico. Methodology: The study was conducted at the Experimental Field of the Postgraduate College, Córdoba Campus, Veracruz, Mexico. Measurements were taken in a randomized complete block design with five replicates. The following were measured: stalk height, leaf length and width, internode length, milling stalk diameter, late water sprouts, aerial lateral shoots, number of internodes, number of leaves, pith and cavity within milling stalks, and total soluble solids (°Brix). Multivariate analyses, genetic estimations, Pearson correlations, principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis, stability analysis, and distance index between groups were applied to the data obtained. Results: High heritability (> 0.4) was observed for stem height, total soluble solids, late water sprouting, and aerial lateral shoots, indicating strong genetic control and suggesting their inclusion in breeding programs. Total soluble solids were confirmed as a key variable due to their relationship with industrial yield. In contrast, the presence of pith, hollowness, and an excess of lateral shoots were associated with decreased quality and productivity. PCA and cluster analysis allowed the identification of six groups of varieties, some with agronomic potential and others with production limitations. Implications: Some of the semi-commercial varieties have the potential to contribute to strengthening the genetic stock in sugarcane to meet the challenges of climate change and crop variability. The results obtained are from a single environment; therefore, they need to be validated under different conditions. Conclusions: The varieties Mex 09-66, Mex 09-93, Mex 09-132, Mex 09-208, Mex 09-212, Mex 09-289, Mex 09-290, Mex 09-312, Mex 09-321, Mex 09-333, and Mex 09-341 showed more promising characteristics than the rest; for their use, it will be necessary to evaluate them in different agroclimatic regions.

Keywords


Poaceae; Saccharum spp.; genetic improvement; genetic parameters; variability; selection.

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References


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URN: http://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/urn:ISSN:1870-0462-tsaes.v29i2.66280

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