Sustainable agri-food system in Mexico to promote healthy and nutritious eating

Abstract

Background. Developing operational methodological frameworks for the study of Sustainable Agri-food Systems is a challenge. Objective. To identify the impact of the Mexican National Agri-food System on public health. Methodology. Data from international, national, and government sources were consulted, apparent consumption was estimated, and indicators of population health and water footprint were used to conduct a correlational study using a Sustainable Agri-food System approach. Results. The limited number of plant and animal species that underpin the current National Agri-food System is associated to the increase in noncommunicable diseases such as overweight and obesity in adults, children, and adolescents. The low average monthly income of vulnerable groups exacerbates existing health problems, as they are unable to access healthy and nutritious food. Insufficient physical activity amplifies the health conditions identified. Implications. It is essential to conduct specific studies at the species level, because generalized analyses at the national level can obscure the demonstrated impact that the consumption of specific species within the National Agri-Food System has on the environment, society, health, and the economy. Conclusions. The availability of Healthy and Sustainable Food Guidelines, along with water footprint indicators for different food products, should improve the food, nutritional, and environmental conditions of the National Agri-food System, by promoting responsible production and consumption, through the adoption of more efficient technologies to reduce the water footprint and support the transition towards Sustainable Agri-food Systems.