ANTIBIOTICS USE AND AWARENESS OF RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AMONG FISH FARMERS IN KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA

Akeem Babatunde Dauda, Abdulsalam Sani Nababa, Justina Omolegho Oshoke, Hauwau Abubakar Salele, Ismail Ayoade Odetokun, Ibraheem Ghali-Mohammed, Oluwasesan M. Bello, Awawu Dasuki

Abstract


Background. Disease outbreaks are considered to be a significant drawback in aquaculture development globally which leads aquaculturists to indiscriminate use of antibiotics. Objective. To assess the status of antibiotics use, farmers’ knowledge of risks associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and disease occurrence in fish farms in Katsina state, Nigeria. Methodology Semi-structured questionnaires were  administered to the active and accessible fish farms in the state, The data collected were presented and analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. Results: Most of the respondents were male (87.5%), aged 31 to 40 years and average of 7 years in operation. The majority (78.1%) use antibiotics for curative purposes, and the dominant usage frequency was occasional (28.1%). Majority (75%) of the respondents noted that antibiotics are readily available and moderately priced (46.9%) while the method of addition to water (37.5%) was the most frequently. Fish cure™ (37%), Aquaceryl plus™ (26%) and Oxytetracycline (10%) were the most commonly used antibiotics in the state. Most of the respondents (65.6%) are aware of the risks associated with AMR for fish but many of them (56.2%) are not aware of possible risks associated with consuming fish with antibiotic residue. Disease occurrence is very high (78.1%) among the farms in the state, with the majority (59.3%) having experienced outbreaks between one and three times.  Despite the small scale of fish farming in the state, the mean economic loss due to disease outbreaks stood at ₦594, 605.3±0.21 (USD 371.63). The logistic regression model revealed that years in operation is the major factor influencing the use of antibiotics (P=0.072) and the occurrence of fish diseases (P=0.055) in fish farms in the state. Implication: Antibiotics is highly used in fish farms in the state without prescription by the veterinary experts and the majority of the farmers are not aware of risk associated with consuming fish with antibiotic residue. Conclusion.The study collectively provide a foundation for informed decision-making, targeted interventions, and future research directions in the realm of sustainable and responsible aquaculture practices in Katsina state.

Keywords


Antibiotics; antimicrobial resistance; diseases; economic loss; fish farms; Katsina state.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdelrahman, H. A., Hemstreet, W.G., Roy, L.A., Hanson, T.R., Beck, B.H. and Kelly, A.M., 2023. Epidemiology and economic impact of disease-related losses on commercial catfish farms: A seven-year case study from Alabama, USA. Aquaculture, 566, p.739206 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.739206.

Adekunle, A. A., Olowu, T. A. and Ladele, A. A., 2005. Bridging the communication gap Between scientists and farmers in Katsina State of Nigeria. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria. pp. 26.

Adelowo, O.O. and Okunlola, I., 2019. Field assessment of antibiotic use in fish farms in Southwestern Nigeria. Revue d'élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 72 (4), pp 187-191. http://doi.org/10.19182/remvt.31472

Adeogun, O. A., Ogunbadejo, H. K., Ayinla, O. A., Oresegun, A., Oguntade, O. R., Tanko, A. and Williams, S. B., 2007. Urban aquaculture: producer perceptions and practices in Lagos State, Nigeria. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 2(1), pp. 21- 27.

Adeshina, I., Emikpe, B. O. Jenyo-Oni, A. Ajani, E. K. and Abdel-Tawwab, M., 2018. Stimulatory effect of dietary clove, Eugenia caryophyllata bud extract on growth performance, nutrient utilization, antioxidant capacity, and tolerance of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus to Aeromonas hydrophila. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 49 (6), pp.1–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12565

AIFP, Aquaculture and Inland Fisheries Project, 2004. Inventory of Fish Farms, Lakes and Feed Producers in Nigeria. pp. 24

Ajadi, A., Sabri, M.Y., Dauda, A.B., Ina-Salwany M.Y. and Hasliza A.H., 2016. Immunoprophylaxis: A Better Alternative Protective Measure against Shrimp Vibriosis – A Review. Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews, 2(2), pp. 58-69. http://www.pjsrr.upm.edu.my

Ajadi, A., Sabri, M. Y., Dauda, A. B., Ina-Salwany, M. Y. and Hasliza, A. H., 2018. Growth enhancement and protective potential of feed-based outer membrane proteins against vibriosis in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture International, 26, pp. 673-684. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-018-0244-4

Alfred, O., Shaahu, A., Amon, T. E., Msaakpa, T. S., Orban, D. A. and Egwenomhe, M., 2020. Aquaculture Operations and Feeding Practice of Fish Farmers in Bida Local Government, Niger State, Nigeria. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science, 5 (12), pp. 109-114.

Alhaji, N. B., Maikai, B. V. and Kwaga, J. K., 2021. Antimicrobial use, residue and resistance dissemination in freshwater fish farms of North-central Nigeria: One health implications. Food Control, 130, p.108238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108238

Alhaji, N.B., Aliyu, M.B., Adamu, A.M., Adeiza, A.M., Nafarnda, W.D., Usman, A.H., Odetokun, I.A., Hassan, A., Lawan, M.K. and Fasina, F.O., 2023. Assessment of Abattoir Workers’ Knowledge, Perceptions and Preventive Preparedness during COVID-19 Pandemic in North-central Nigeria: The Health Belief Mode. Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences 20(1), pp. 13-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v20i1.308

Ayeloja, A. A., Jimoh, W. A., Adebisi, G. L. and Amusat, M. A. 2022. Gender Differentia Among Fish Farmers Within Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria. Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science, 14(2), pp. 127-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mejs.v14i2.2

Cabello, F.C., 2006. Heavy use of prophylactic antibiotics in aquaculture: a growing problem for human and animal health and for the environment. Environmental Microbiology, 8, pp.1137-1144. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01054.x

Chuah L., Effarizah M.E., Goni A.M. and Rusul G., 2016. Antibiotic application and emergence of multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) in global catfish aquaculture. Current Environmental Health Reports, 3, pp. 118–127. http://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-016- 0091-2

Dauda, A.B., 2020. Biofloc technology: a review on the microbial interactions, operational parameters and implications to disease and health management of cultured aquatic animals. Reviews in Aquaculture, 12, pp. 1193-1210 https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12379

Dauda, A.B. and Ibrahim H.I., 2015. Prevalence of Fish Diseases in Fish Farms in Katsina State, Nigeria. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa, 63, pp. 495-503.

Dauda, A. B., Dasuki, A. and Bichi, A. H., 2015. Analysis of constraints to aquaculture development in Sudano-Sahelian region of Nigeria. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 18(2), pp. 189-193. http://dx.doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.2074

Dauda, A. B., Ibrahim, H. I., Bichi, A. H. and Tola-Fabunmi, A. S., 2017. Assessment of fish farming practices, operations, water resource management and profitability in Katsina state, Nigeria. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University (English Edition), 24(4), pp. 89-96.

Emefe, O., Egwenomhe, M. and Ugbotor, E. 2020. A survey of fish culture facilities used by farmers in Edo South, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Environment. 16, pp. 63-72. http://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20186.88003

Kyule-Muendo, D., Otachi, E., Awour, F., Ogello, E., Obiero, K., Abwao, J., Muthoni, C., and Munguti, J., 2022. Status of fish health management and biosecurity measures in fish farms, cages and hatcheries in Western Kenya. CABI Agriculture and Bioscience 3, 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43170-022-00086-7

Mukaila, R. Ukwuaba, I.C., and Umaru, I.I., 2023. Economic impact of disease on small Scale catfish farms in Nigeria, Aquaculture, 575, p.739773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.739773.

Naylor, R. L., Hardy, R. W., Buschmann, A. H., Bush, S. R., Cao, L., Klinger, D. H.,Little, D.C., Lubchencho, J., Shumway, S.E. and Troell, M., 2021. A 20-year retrospective review of global aquaculture. Nature, 591(7851), pp. 551-563. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03308-6

NBS, 2020. National Bureau of Statisitics, Demographic Statistics Bulletin. pp 12.

Ndahi, M.D., Hendriksen, R., Helwigh, B., Card, R.M., Fagbamila, I.O., Abiodun-Adewusi, O.O., Ekeng, E., Adetunji, V.O., Adebiyi, I., and Andersen, J.K., 2023. Determination of antimicrobial use in commercial poultry farms in Plateau and Oyo States, Nigeria. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 12(1), pp. 1-9.

Nwabueze, A. A., 2010. The role of women in sustainable aquacultural development in Delta State. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 12, pp. 284-293.

Odetokun, I. A., Akpabio, U., Alhaji, N. B., Biobaku, K. T., Oloso, N. O., Ghali-Mohammed, I., Biobaku A.J., Adetunji, V.O., Fasina, F. O. 2019. Knowledge of antimicrobial resistance among veterinary students and their personal antibiotic use practices: A national cross-sectional survey. Antibiotics, 8(4), p. 243. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8040243

Okocha, R.C., Olatoye, I.O. and Adedeji, O.B., 2018. Food safety impacts of antimicrobial use and their residues in aquaculture. Public Health Reviews, 39, 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40985-018-0099-2

Okocha, R. C., Olatoye, I. O., Alabi, P. I., Ogunnoiki, M. G. and Adedeji, O. B., 2021. Aquaculture management practices associated with antimicrobial residues in Southwestern Nigeria. Aquaculture, 533, p.736195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.736195

Okunade, O. A., Oladosu, G. A., Adeogun, O. A., Ajani, E. K., Adejinmi, J. O. and Akintayo, I. A., 2023. Status of Fish Farming Practices: A Case Study of Selected Fish Farms in Lagos State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Fisheries, 20(1), pp. 2539 – 2558.

Olatoye, I. O. and Basiru, A., 2013. Antibiotic usage and oxytetracycline residue in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Ibadan, Nigeria. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, 5(3), pp. 302-309.

Oyebanji, B.O. and Oyebisi, M. O., 2018. Use of Antibiotics and Knowledge of Antibiotics Resistance by Selected Farmers in Oyo Town, Nigeria. Uganda Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 18 (1), pp. 43 – 56. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujas.v18i1.4

Thrusfield, M., 2009. Veterinary Epidemiology, third ed. Blackwell Science Ltd, a Blackwell Publishing company, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX42DQ,

Umunna, M.O., Adebayo, O.A., Adelakun, K.M., Ibrahim, A.O., Sodiya, O.M. and Ige, O., 2020. Analysis of Gender Participation in Fish Farming in Borgu Local Government Area, Niger State, Nigeria. KIU Journal of Social Sciences, 6(4), pp. 133–140.

Usman, M.D., Wakawa, A.M., Musa, A., Talba, A.M., Ahmad, K.H., Muazu, T.A., Musa, A.Z. and Atabo, S.M., 2022. Occurrence of haemolytic Escherichia coli, antimicrobials residue in cultured Clarias gariepinus and assessment of antimicrobial use among catfish farmers in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Veterinary and Allied Sciences,2(2), pp. 105-113. http://doi.org/10.54328/covm.josvas.2022.068




URN: http://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/urn:ISSN:1870-0462-tsaes.v28i1.60650

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.6065



Copyright (c) 2025 Akeem Babatunde Dauda, Abdulsalam Sani Nababa, Justina Omolegho Oshoke, Hauwau Abubakar Salele, Ismail Ayoade Odetokun, Ibraheem Ghali-Mohammed, Oluwasesan M. Bello, Awawu Dasuki

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.