Diversity of Trichoderma species in association with banana and weed roots in southeast Mexico

Carmela Hernández Domínguez, Martin González Graillet, Betzabel Cruz Garrido, Roberto Carlos Ortega García, Cesar Adriel Santiago Moreno, Fabiel Vázquez Cruz, Delfino Reyes López, Gabriela Hernández Ramírez

Abstract


Background. Cultivated plants and weeds play an important role in interacting with soil microorganisms, which, together with climatic and edaphic conditions, characterize the ecological niches of microorganisms such as Trichoderma. Objective. It was to determine the abundance and diversity of Trichoderma species with endophytic and epiphytic association in the root of five varieties of banana and weed in the states of Oaxaca, Veracruz, and Puebla, Mexico. Methodology. For the study, a total of 60 samples of banana root and weeds were collected, and from 3 to 7 samples per plot in which the pH and organic matter were measured. The endophytic and epiphytes fungi root was isolated, and these were characterized morphologically and molecularly. For the diversity analysis, the Shannon-Wiener (H') and Simpson indexes were used, and the frequency of species was calculated. Results. A total of 23 isolates were obtained, of which 21 were Trichoderma longibrachiatum, one of them Trichoderma reesei and other Trichoderma harzianum, and 61% of 23 isolates were epiphytes and 39% endophytes, and only the T. longibrachiatum specie showed both behaviors. Likewise, T. longibrachiatum was isolated in all the banana varieties analyzed as well as in weeds, and it had 100% presence in the enano gigante, macho Papaloapan, and macho chifle varieties, while in banana apple tree and purple varieties were obtained T. harzianum and T. reesei in 8% and 50% respectively. Of the total isolates, 70% were obtained from bananas and 30% from weeds, and none of them were endophytic in weeds. The highest abundance index AI= 0.1 was to Veracruz, which had pH=7.1 and O.M.=2.8-5.7, however, the diversity index in it was 0, the highest diversity indices were H=0.3, 0.2, and Ds= 0.67 which were obtained in Puebla state with pH= 6.7 and O.M.= 6.0 to 10 very similar to optimum. Implications. The cultivation of different varieties in each sampled state limited the comparison of determining results in the study. Conclusion. The abundance and diversity of Trichoderma species, as well as their endophytic and epiphytic behavior in banana roots, are influenced by factors such as the plant variety, which is colonized, the non-cultivated plant species found in the area, as well as the pH and the amount of organic matter in the soil. These factors generate inter and intraspecific relationships that intervene in the frequency of occurrence of Trichoderma species.

Keywords


abundance; varieties; behavior; plant; microorganisms.

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URN: http://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/urn:ISSN:1870-0462-tsaes.v28i3.49430

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4943

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Copyright (c) 2025 Carmela Hernández Domínguez, Martin González Graillet, Betzabel Cruz Garrido, Roberto Carlos Ortega García, Cesar Adriel Santiago Moreno, Fabiel Vázquez Cruz, Delfino Reyes López, Gabriela Hernández Ramírez

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