CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND In vitro RUMINAL FERMENTATION OF CAYMAN (BR/1752) AND COBRA (BR/1794) GRASSES GROWN UNDER SALT STRESS CONDITIONS

Serafín Jacobo López-Garrido, Silvia Santos-Jerónimo, Edgar Iván Sánchez-Bernal, Mónica Marcela Galicia-Jiménez, Narciso Ysac Ávila-Serrano, Marco Antonio Camacho-Escobar, Paulino Sánchez-Santillán, David Hernández-Sánchez

Abstract


Background. The saline stress of tropical soils affects the growth and nutritional composition of pastures, therefore the availability and quality of forage for livestock is affected. Salinity can reduce crude protein content and increase the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ratio of grasses. This can decrease ruminal degradability, microbial populations, and alter the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA), which are the main source of energy for ruminants. On the other hand, an increase in NDF in pastures can increase the emission of methane (CH4). For this reason, it is necessary to generate sufficient information on the nutritional quality of pastures grown in saline soils and their ruminal fermentation patterns. Objective. Evaluate hybrid grasses of the genus Urochloa, Cayman and Cobra grown in five concentrations of salinity, to determine their effect during in vitro ruminal fermentation, on chemical composition, degradability, fermentation parameters, ruminal microorganisms, on the production of CH4 and CO2. Methodology. Five experimental treatments were evaluated: salinity levels for both pastures of 0, 2, 4, 6, 10 dS m-1 of NaCl. The chemical composition of the two experimental grasses was determined, and subsequently they were incubated in vitro in a culture medium for total bacteria with the addition of fresh ruminal fluid, to determine dry matter degradability (DIVMS), ruminal fermentation parameters, microbial populations, and biogas production. Results. Cayman grass presented higher (P<0.05) ash content and ether extract at CE ≥ 4 dS m-1; however, its crude protein content decreased. In Cobra grass there was also protein reduction at 10 dS m-1. In both DIVMS grasses, AGV and CH4 production were not affected by salinity, nor were there changes in the count of ruminal microorganisms. Implications. The results of the present study evaluate the effect of salinity on crude protein content and cell walls of Cayman and Cobra grasses grown under salinity stress. It was determined that salinity does not affect the degradability or ruminal fermentation patterns of the pastures studied. Conclusions. With a salinity level of 10 dS m-1, the protein of Cayman and Cobra grasses decreased 8.42% and 18.0%, respectively. The salinity levels studied do not affect IVDMD, microbial population, or CH4 production during in vitro ruminal fermentation of the evaluated species.

Keywords


Cayman and Cobra; chemical composition; salinity; fermentation; methane.

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References


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