Antagonism and efficacy of Trichoderma spp., on Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl from watermelon

Jesús Orlando Pérez González, Jorge Francisco León de la Rocha, Ramiro Cejudo Valentin, Humberto Rafael Bravo Delgado

Abstract


Background: Disease control using agrochemicals is often costly, harmful to the environment and human health, and can lead to pathogen resistance. Because of this, there has been a need to introduce new, effective, and safe alternatives that are not environmentally harmful, such as the use of beneficial, harmless organisms. Objective. To determine the effect of Trichoderma (T.) on Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl from watermelon under in vitro and shade mesh conditions. Methodology. The pathogen was isolated. Subsequently, the antagonistic capacity of Trichoderma was determined, antibiosis (56 h before hyphal contact between both fungi), competition for space (Bell et al. scale, and PICR, at 96 h), and mycoparasitism were evaluated by the Dual Culture method, and the efficacy of the antagonist on the pathogen was evaluated under semi-controlled conditions. Results. All Trichoderma strains and the isolate showed growth inhibition of the pathogens in CD (56 h) compared with the control; T. viride and T. asperellum were particularly notable. All strains were in class 2 of antagonism on the Bell et al. scale at 96 h (with more than 70 % inhibition of pathogen growth). At 120 h, T. viride, T. harzianum, and T. asperellum inhibited the pathogen by more than 50 %. At 168 h, T. viride and T. harzianum stood out with 72.20 and 65.53 %, respectively. The application of T. viride and T. harzianum showed decreases of 75.6% and 65.56%, respectively, in the incidence of the disease in watermelon seedlings. Implications. The findings from both trials indicated that Trichoderma is effective against A. alternata, and testing it in the open field will be crucial for its use in managing the causative agent. Conclusions. The strains T. viride and T. harzianum are established as promising due to their antibiosis, competition for space, mycoparasitism, and their effectiveness under shade mesh conditions.

Keywords


confrontation; mycoparasitism; biocontrol; Trichoderma; alternaria

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References


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URN: http://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/urn:ISSN:1870-0462-tsaes.v29i2.63712

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.6371

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