EVALUATION OF HYDROGENATED CYANAMIDE ON BUDBREAK AND YIELD OF PISTACHIO

Rafael Zuñiga-Valenzuela, Isaela Villalpando de la Torre, Urvano Nava Camberos, Elizabeth Zuñiga Valenzuela, Pablo Preciado Rangel, Guadalupe Luna Ortega

Abstract


Background: Among dry fruits, Pistachio cultivar is the fourth most important in the world if considering its surface area. Pistachio is the fourth most important nut in the world considering its surface area. It has become an alternative to traditional crops with a growing interest in semi-arid areas of northern Mexico. The limitation for its production and exploitation is its effective chilling hour needs (hours below 7 ºC) before budbreak, which vary between 700 and 1500 chilling hours depending on the cultivar planted. Objective: To evaluate hydrogenated cyanamide as a compensator of effective chilling hours in pistachio cultivar Kerman. Methodology: During the 2023 agricultural season, the following treatments were applied: 2.5, 5 and 7.5% of cyanamide compared to an untreated control (0% of cyanamide) evaluating budbreaking in different dates and fruit yield. Results: The application of hydrogen cyanamide, as a compensator for the lack of chilling, caused a significant advance and increase in pistachio bud break, which depended on the dose used. There were increases of 11 to 75% in the budbreak of cyanamide-treated trees compared to the control trees, from March 9 to 23 (22 to 36 days after application). An advance of 13 to 45 days of 50% budbreak and 12 to 40 days of 75% budbreak of cyanamide-treated trees was observed compared to the control trees. Only the 7.5% dose of cyanamide had a high pistachio yield (662 kg per hectare), which was significantly higher than the control yield. Implications: The study shows that hydrogen cyanamide can be used as a compensator for the lack of chilling in pistachio in regions with warm winter conditions with insufficient accumulation of effective chilling hours, such as the Comarca Lagunera, as well as in the next agricultural seasons in which an increase in temperature is forecast due to global warming. Conclusions: According to the results obtained, the application of hydrogen cyanamide as a chilling compensator increases the bud break and yield of pistachio, depending on the dose used.

Keywords


chilling hours compensator; effective chilling hours; pistachio yield.

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References


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URN: http://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/urn:ISSN:1870-0462-tsaes.v28i2.62344

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.6234

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Copyright (c) 2025 RAFAEL ZUÑIGA VALENZUELA, Isaela Villalpando de la Torre, Urvano Nava Camberos, Elizabeth Zuñiga Valenzuela, Pablo Presiado Rangel, Guadalupe Luna Ortega

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