PERFORMANCE AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF PUMA HYBRIDS AND PRODUCTION EFFECTS IN SHEEP

Laura Castillo-Hernández, Angélica Terrazas, Margarita Tadeo-Robledo, Julieta Estrada-Flores, Alejandro Espinosa-Calderón, Axel Castillo-Hernández, Jesús Macedo-González, Jesús Ramírez-Espinosa, Joob Zaragoza-Esparza

Abstract


Background: Due to climate change, forage production conditions are unstable, which makes it necessary to have corn varieties that are resistant to climate variations, as well as to the different types of soil that prevail in certain regions, as is the case of Puma hybrids developed by UNAM and INIFAP. It is also important to explore their yield and potential as animal feed. Objective: To determine the agricultural yield, nutritional quality and in vitro fermentation kinetics of Puma corn hybrids and their impact on some productive indicators in pregnant sheep. Methodology: The plant components: leaf, stem and cob of the corn hybrids, Tlaoli Puma, Tsiri Puma and Centli Puma, were evaluated to determine the yield in green matter and dry matter, percentage of dry matter, percentage of protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). As well as the gas production and in vitro digestibility of the corn hybrids and the effect on weight and body condition changes, and the concentrations of glucose and β hydroxybutyrate, of sheep fed diets containing silages of these hybrids in the second half of gestation. Results: The yield of green matter and dry matter, as well as the percentage of dry matter were similar in the three Puma corn hybrids (P > 0.05). Tlaoli Puma and Centli Puma hybrids had the highest leaf percentages (P < 0.05), while in the percentages of stem and cob no differences were found among the three hybrids (P > 0.05). The crude protein content was similar among the Puma hybrids (P > 0.05). The change in weight and body condition, as well as the levels of glucose and β hydroxybutyrate of the sheep did not differ among the Puma hybrids (P > 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the insoluble fraction in the three plant components of the Puma hybrids. In vitro digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber did not vary among Puma hybrids, nor among plant components. Implications: The three Puma hybrids showed good forage yields, as well as nutritional quality and digestibility, which was reflected in good productive parameters of sheep, indicating that they can be used in nutritional strategies for ruminants. Conclusions: The Puma hybrids show similar performance, nutritional quality, gas production and in vitro digestibility independent of the plant components (leaf, stem and cob), which favors the productive and metabolic state of pregnant sheep fed with diets containing these silages.

Keywords


Zea mays; silage; in vitro; digestibility; protein; cob.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Aiche, S., Smail, F., Chikhaoui, M., Hariche, Z., and Abdelhadi, S.A., 2023. Influence of body condition score during late pregnancy on the variations of biochemical parameters and lamb stillbirths in Rembi ewes. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 55(2), pp. 128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-023-03551-1

Álvarez?Rodríguez, J., Estopañan, G., Sanz, A., Dervishi, E., Govoni, N., Tamanini, C., and Joy, M., 2012. Carry?over effects of body condition in the early pregnant ewe on peri?partum adipose tissue metabolism. Journal of animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 96(6), pp. 985-992. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01210.x

Amin, M.E.M.H., 2011. Effect of different nitrogen sources on growth, yield and quality of fodder maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 10, pp. 17-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2010.06.003

AOAC., 2012. Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. 19 ed. Washington, D.C. USA, 1, pp. 672.

Argamentería, A., De la Roza, B., Martínez, A., Sánchez, L. and Martínez, A., 1997. El ensilado en Asturias. Editorial Servicio de Publicaciones del Principado de Asturias, pp. 127. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5121008

Ayas?an, T., Cetinkaya, N., Aykanat, S., and Celik, C., 2020. Nutrient contents and in vitro digestibility of different parts of corn plant. South African Journal of Animal Science, 50(2), pp. 302-309. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v50i2.13

Banchero, G. E., Quintans, G., Martin, G. B., Milton, J. T. B., and Lindsay, D. R., 2004. Nutrition and colostrum production in sheep. 2. Metabolic and hormonal responses to different energy sources in the final stages of pregnancy. Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 16(6), pp. 645-653. https://doi.org/10.1071/RD03092

Bernal, J., 1991. Pastos y forrajes tropicales: Producción y manejo. 2da edición., Banco Ganadero, pp. 544. https://repository.agrosavia.co/bitstream/handle/20.500.12324/19748/67045_63762.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Bernardes, T. F., Daniel, J. L. P., Adesogan, A. T., McAllister, T. A., Drouin, P., Nussio, L. G., Huhtanen, P., Tremblay, G.F., Be?langer, G. and Cai, Y., 2018. Silage review: Unique challenges of silages made in hot and cold regions. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(5), pp. 4001-4019. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13703

BCSG (Body Condition Score Guidance), 2016. https://textileexchange.org/app/uploads/2021/02/RAF-211a-V2.1-RWS-Body-Condition-Scoring-Guidance.pdf

Bricker, L., Reed, K., Wood, L., and Neilson, J. P., 2015. Nutritional advice for improving outcomes in multiple pregnancies. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (11).

https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008867.pub3

Caldeira, R. M., Belo, A. T., Santos, C. C., Vazques, M. I., and Portugal, A. V., 2007. The effect of long-term feed restriction and over-nutrition on body condition score, blood metabolites and hormonal profiles in ewes. Small Ruminant Research, 68(3), pp. 242-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.08.026

Cal-Pereyra, L., Acosta-Dibarrat, J., Benech, A., Da Silva, S., Martín, A., and González-Montaña, J. R., 2012. Toxemia de la gestación en ovejas: Revisión. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias, 3(2), pp. 247-264. https://cienciaspecuarias.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/Pecuarias/article/view/1242

Camarasa, J. and Barletta, P., 2019. Densidad y momento de cosecha sobre la producción y la calidad nutricional del ensilaje de maíz. Revista Argentina de Producción Animal, 39(1), pp. 99-167. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/6780

Castillo, C., Hernández, J., López-Alonso, M., Miranda, M., and Benedito, J. L. 1999. Effect of physiological stage and nutritional management on some serum metabolite concentrations in Assaf ovine breed. Archives Animal Breeding, 42(4), pp. 377-386. https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-42-377-1999

Castillo-Hernández, L., Zaragoza-Esparza, J., Tadeo-Robledo, M., Espinosa-Calderón, A., Ramírez-Espinosa, J., de Jesús Macedo-González, J. and Terrazas-García, A., 2024. Potencial alimenticio de ensilados híbridos de maíz Puma incluidos en la dieta de ovejas gestantes. Revista MVZ Córdoba, 29(1), pp. e3262-e3262. https://doi.org/10.21897/rmvz.3262

Djaman, K., Allen, S., Djaman, D. S., Koudahe, K., Irmak, S., Puppala, N., Darapuneni M. K. and Angadi, S. V., 2022. Planting date and plant density effects on maize growth, yield and water use efficiency. Environmental Challenges, 6, 100417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100417

Damián, J.P., Terrazas, A., Cabrera, E., Simonetti, S., Aragunde, R. and Fila, D., 2020. Growth of foetal bones and metabolic profile during gestation in primiparous ewes and multiparous ewes. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 55(9), pp. 1180–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.13760

Dong-Shen, G., Tang, S.X., 2022. In vitro degradation characteristics of dry matter and crude protein of four morphological fractions from five varieties maize harvested at two maturity stages. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 31(10), pp. 178-188.

Du, Z., Yang, F., Fang, J., Yamasaki, S., Oya, T., Nguluve, D., Kumagai, H. and Cai, Y., 2023. Silage preparation and sustainable livestock production of natural woody plant. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, pp. 1253178. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1253178

Dwyer, C. M., Calvert, S. K., Farish, M., Donbavand, J., and Pickup, H. E., 2005. Breed, litter and parity effects on placental weight and placentome number, and consequences for the neonatal behaviour of the lamb. Theriogenology, 63(4), 1092-1110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.06.003

El-Sherif, M. M. A., and Assad, F. 2001. Changes in some blood constituents of Barki ewes during pregnancy and lactation under semiarid conditions. Small Ruminant Research, 40(3), pp. 269-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(01)00174-2

Elizondo, J. and Boschini, C., 2001. Efecto de la densidad de siembra sobre el rendimiento y calidad del forraje de maíz. Agronomía Mesoamericana, 12(2), pp. 181-187. https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v12i2.17231

Estrada-Flores, J. G., González-Ronquillo, M., Mould, F. L., Arriaga-Jordán, C. M. and Castelán-Ortega, O. A., 2006. Chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of grain and different parts of the stover from maize land races harvested at different growing periods in two zones of central Mexico. Animal Science, 82(6), pp. 845-852. https://doi.org/10.1017/ASC2006094

Firdous, R., and Gilani, A. H., 1999. Effect of stage of growth and cultivar on chemical composition of whole maize plant and its morphological fractions. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 12(3), 366-370. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.1999.366

Firat, A., and Ozpinar, A. 2002. Metabolic profile of pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and early lactation in multiple lambing Sakiz ewes. Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism, 46(2), pp.57. https://doi.org/10.1159/000057641

Freitas-de-Melo, A., Ungerfeld, R., Hötzel, M. J., Orihuela, A., and Pérez-Clariget, R., 2017. Low pasture allowance until late gestation in ewes: behavioural and physiological changes in ewes and lambs from lambing to weaning. Animal, 11(2), pp. 285-294. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731116001427

González-García, E., De Figuereido, V. G., Foulquie, D., Jousserand, E., Autran, P., Camous, S., Tesniere, A., Bocquier, F., and Jouven, M., 2014. Circannual body reserve dynamics and metabolic profile changes in Romane ewes grazing on rangelands. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 46, pp. 37-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2013.10.002

González-García, E., Tesnière, A., Camous, S., Bocquier, F., Barillet, F., and Hassoun, P., 2015. The effects of parity, litter size, physiological state, and milking frequency on the metabolic profile of Lacaune dairy ewes. Domestic Animal Andocrinology, 50, pp. 32-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2014.07.001

García-Favre, J., Cranston, L.M., López, I.F., Poli, C.H.E.C., Donaghy, D.J., Caram, N., Kemp, P.D., 2023. Pasture brome and perennial ryegrass characteristics that influence ewe lamb dietary preference during different seasons and periods of the day. Animal, 17(7), 100865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2023.100865

He, Y., Cone, J.W., Hendriks, W. H., Dijkstra, J., 2020. Relationships between chemical composition and I vitro gas production parameters of maize leaves and stems. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 104(1), pp. 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13221

Horst, E. H., Bumbieris Junior, V. H., Neumann, M. and López, S., 2021. Effects of the harvest stage of maize hybrids on the chemical composition of plant fractions: An analysis of the different types of silage. Agriculture, 11(8), 786. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11080786

Indriani, N. P., Yuwariah, Y. and Ruswandi, D., 2021. The genotype and crop age effect on nutritive value of corn forage. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 55(3), pp. 374-378. https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-604

Islam, M.R., Garcia, S:C., Horadagoda, A., 2012. Effects of irrigation and rates and timing of nitrogen fertilizer on dry matter yield, proportions of plant fractions of maize and nutritive value and in vitro gas production characteristics of whole crop maize silage. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 172(2012), pp. 125-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.11.013

Jones, A. K., Gately, R. E., Kellogg, T. D., Zinn, S. A., Govoni, K. E., and Reed, S. A., 2018. Evaluation of the Nova Vet Meter for sheep-side monitoring of ?-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and description of ewe BHBA during late gestation in three flocks from the Northeastern US. Research in Veterinary Science, 118, pp., 491-497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.05.002

Ji, X., Liu, N., Wang, Y., Ding, K., Huang, S., and Zhang, C., 2023. Pregnancy Toxemia in ewes: a review of Molecular Metabolic mechanisms and Management Strategies. Metabolites, 13(2), pp. 149. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020149·

Johnson, L. M., Harrison, J. H., Davidson, D., Mahanna, W. C., Shinners, K. and Linder, D., 2002. Corn silage management: effects of maturity, inoculation, and mechanical processing on pack density and aerobic stability. Journal of Dairy Science, 85(2), pp. 434-444. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(02)74092-7

Karnatam, K.S., Mythri, B., Nisa, W.u., Sharma, H., Meena, T.K., Rana, P., Vikal, Y., Gowda, M., Dhillon B.S., Sandhu, S., 2023. Silage maize as a potent candidate for sustainable animal husbandry development-perspectives and strategies for genetic enhancement. Frontiers in Genetics, 14, p. 1150132. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2023.1150132

Khames Mustafa, M., Shareef Saed, O., and Abdulealah Ismaeel, M., 2023. Clinical and Biochemical Study of Pregnancy Toxemia in Iraqi Ewes. Archives of Razi Institute, 78(3), pp. 1131-1139. https://doi.org/10.22092/ARI.2022.359922.2515

Keady, T.W.J. and Hanrahan, J.P., 2021. Effects of grass and maize silage feed value, offering soybean meal with maize silage, and concentrate feed level in late pregnancy, on ewe and lamb performance, Animal, 15(1), pp. 100068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2020.100068

Krishnamoorthy, U., Soller, H., Stengass, H. and Menke, H., 1991. A comparative study on rumen fermentation of energy supplements in vitro. Journal Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 65(1-5), pp. 28-35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.1991.tb00237.x

Martínez-Gutíerrez, A., Zamudio-González, B., Tadeo-Robledo, M., Espinosa-Calderón, A., Cardoso-Galvão, J. C., Vázquez-Carrillo, G. and Turrent-Fernández, A., 2018. Rendimiento de híbridos de maíz grano blanco en cinco localidades de Valles Altos de México. Revista Mexicana De Ciencias Agrícolas, 9(7), pp.1447–1458. https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v9i7.1357

Masoero, F., Rossi, F. and Pulimeno, A. M., 2006. Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of stalks, leaves and cobs of four corn hybrids at different phenological stages. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 5(3), pp. 215-227. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2006.215

McDonald, P., Henderson, A. R. and Heron, S. J., 1991. The biochemistry of silage. Ciudad Madison. Editorial Chalcombe Publications, pp. 340. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700023115

Meneses, P. A. H., Anchundia, M. A. M., Hidrovo, C. A. M. and Taipe, M. V. T., 2023. Genotipos de maíz para la producción y conservación de forraje en forma de ensilaje. Revista Científica Arbitrada Multidisciplinaria. Pentaciencias, 5(7), pp. 358-371. https://doi.org/10.59169/pentaciencias.v5i7.946

Mohammadi, V., Anassori, E., and Jafari, S., 2016. Measure of energy related biochemical metabolites changes during peri-partum period in Makouei breed sheep. Veterinary Research Forum, 7(1), p. 35.

Mohammadi Barimanloo, A., Chalmeh, A., Pourjafar, M., and Mirzaei, A., 2022. Effects of intravenous butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin to late pregnant ewes on the metabolic indices around parturition and weight gain of their lambs after birth. Veterinary Medicine and Science, 8(2), pp. 781-791. https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.687

Olazábal Fenochio, A., Vera Ávila, H. R., Serafín López, N., Medrano Hernández, J. A., Sánchez Saucedo, H., and Terrazas García, A. M., 2013. Reconocimiento mutuo madre-cría en ovinos Columbia con restricción nutricional durante la gestación. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias, 4(2), pp. 127-147. https://cienciaspecuarias.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/Pecuarias/article/view/2833

Pell, A. N. and Schofield, P., 1993b. Computerized monitoring of gas production to measure forage digestion in vitro. Journal Dairy Science, 76, pp. 1063-1073. http://doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(93)77435-4

Mendoza, C. P., Gómez, M. D. R. T., de los Santos, G. G., and Galván, M. M. C. (2024). Influencia del tamaño de semilla en la productividad y el valor nutricional del maíz para ensilado. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 41(4), pp. 1016-1031.

Recabarren, S. E., Lobos, A., Muñoz, P., Calvillán, M., and Parilo, J., 2005. Sensibilidad a la insulina en ovejas prepúberes con alimentación normal y con restricción alimenticia. Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria, 37(2), pp. 111-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0301-732X2005000200004

Radchikov, V.F., Sapsaleva, T.L. and Bogdanovich, I.V., 2022. Effect of using whole grain on productivity and physiological state of calves. Zootechnical Science of Belarus, 57(2), pp. 36-44. http://doi.org/10.47612/0134-9732-2022-57-2-36-44

Ramírez, G.D.E., Olmos, C.J.J., Peña R.A., Sánchez, D.J.I., Medina, N.E., Gallardo, R.S., Santana, O.I., 2024. Acumulación de materia seca, rendimiento y Calidad nutricional del forraje de híbrifos de maíz cosechados a diferentes días después de la siembra. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias, 15(2): pp. 287-301. https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v15i2.6554

Ramírez, O.R., Ramírez, L. R.G. and López G. F., 2002. Factores estructurales de la pared celular del forraje que afectan su digestibilidad. Ciencia UANL, 2, pp. 180-189. http://eprints.uanl.mx/id/eprint/1175

Robinson, J. J., 1990. Nutrition in the reproduction of farm animals. Nutrition Research Reviews, 3(1), pp. 253-276. https://doi.org/10.1079/NRR19900015

Ruíz C, J., G. Medina, G., I. González A. and H. Flores L., 2013. Requerimientos agroecológicos de los cultivos. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias INIFAP, 2 edición. 489 p.

Russel, A., Doney, J. and Gunn, R., 1969. Subjective assessment of body fat in live sheep. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 72(3), pp. 451-454. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100718-1.00007-8

Sah, R.P., Chakraborty, M., Prasad, K., Pandit, M., Tudu V. K., Chakravarty M. K., Narayan S. C., Rana M. and Moharana D., 2020. Impact of water deficit stress in maize: Phenology and yield components. Scintific Reports, 10(1), pp. 2944. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59689-7

Sales, F, Peralta, Ó-A, De Los Reyes, M., Sandoval, C., Martínez-Ros, P., Rojas, C., Gonzáles-Bulnes, A., Parraguez, V.H., 2024. Chronic undernutrition in ovine twin pregnancies abolishes differences in birth weight due to sex: An evaluation of the role of nutritional and antioxidant supplementation. Animals (Basel). 21;14(6), pp. 974. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14060974.

Sánchez-Hernández, M. Á., Cruz-Vázquez, M., Sánchez-Hernández, C., Morales-Terán, G., Rivas-Jacobo, M. A. and Villanueva-Verduzco, C., 2019. Rendimiento forrajero de maíces adaptados al trópico húmedo de México. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, 10(3), pp. 699-712. http://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v10i3.1546

SIAP-Servicio de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesquera, 2022. [online] Available at: https://nube.siap.gob.mx/cierre_pecuario/ [Accessed March 2024].

SMN-Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. 2023. [online] Available at: https://smn.conagua.gob.mx/es/ [Accessed 4 June 2023].

Skerman, P., 1992. Grami?neas tropicales. Roma. FAO. Pp. 849

Tygesen, M. P., Nielsen, M. O., Nørgaard, P., Ranvig, H., Harrison, A. P., and Tauson, A. H., 2008. Late gestational nutrient restriction: Effects on ewes' metabolic and homeorhetic adaptation, consequences for lamb birth weight and lactation performance. Archives of Animal Nutrition, 62(1), pp. 44-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390701780276

Tadeo-Robledo, Espinosa-Calderón, García-Zavala, Lobato-Ortiz, Gómez-Montiel, Sierra-Macías, Valdivia-Bernal, Zamudio-González, Martínez-Yáñez, López-López, Mora-García, Canales-Islas and Cárdenas-Marcelo, 2016. Tsiri puma, híbrido de maíz para valles altos con esquema de androesterilidad para producción de semillas. Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana, 39(3), pp. 331–3. https://doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2016.3.331-333

Tadeo-Robledo, Espinosa-Caldero?n, Zaragoza-Esparza, Lo?pez-Lo?pez, Canales-Islas, Zamudio-Gonza?lez, Turrent-Ferna?ndez, Virgen-Vargas, Sierra-Maci?as, Go?mez-Montiel, Mora-Garci?a, Andrés-Meza and Ca?rdenas-Marcelo, 2021. Tlaoli puma, hi?brido de mai?z para grano y forraje con androesterilidad y restauracio?n de la fertilidad masculina. Revista Fitotecnia, 44(2), pp. 265–267. https://doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2021.2.265

Tang, S.X., Gan, J., Sheng, L.X., Tan, Z.l., Tayo, G.O., Sun, Z.H., Wang, M., Ren, G. P., 2008. Morphological fractions, chemical composition and in vitro fermentation characteristics of maize stover of five genotypes. Animal, 2(12), pp. 1772-1779. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731108003121

Theodorou, M.K., Williams, B.A., Dhanoa, M.S., McAllan, A.B. and France, J.A., 1994. Simple gas production method using a pressure transducer to determine the fermentation kinetics of ruminant’s feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 48(3-4), pp. 185–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(94)90171-6

Tolera, A. and Sundstøl, F., 1999. Morphological fractions of maize stover harvested at different stages of grain maturity and nutritive value of different fractions of the stover. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 81(1-2), pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(99)00072-3

Vannucchi, C. I., Veiga, G. A. L., Silva, L. C. G., and Lúcio, C. F., 2019. Relationship between fetal biometric assessment by ultrasonography and neonatal lamb vitality, birth weight and growth. Animal Reproduction, 16, pp. 923-929. http://dx.doi.org/10.21451/1984-3143-AR2019-0006

Van-Soest, P.V., Robertson, J.B. and Lewis, B.A., 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and no starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, pp. 3583-3597. http://doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(91)78551-2

Velasco-Macias, S., Tadeo-Robledo, M., Espinosa-Calderón, A., Zaragoza-Esparza, J., Canales-Islas, E. and Coutiño-Estrada, B., 2022. Rendimiento de grano, forraje y calidad forrajera de nuevos híbridos de maíz de Valles Altos. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, 13(1), pp. 77-87. https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v13i1.2398

Villalba, J. J., and Provenza, F. D., 1999. Effects of food structure and nutritional quality and animal nutritional state on intake behaviour and food preferences of sheep. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 63(2), pp. 145-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1591(98)00238-X

Walne, C. H. and Reddy, K. R., 2022. Temperature effects on the shoot and root growth, development, and biomass accumulation of corn (Zea mays L.). Agriculture, 12(4), pp. 443. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12040443

Yahaya, M. S., Kawai, M., Takahashi, J. and Matsuoja, S., 2002. The effect of different moisture contents at ensiling on silo degradation and digestibility of structural carbohydrates of orchard grass. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 101(1), pp. 127-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(02)00080-9

Zaragoza-Esparza, J., Tadeo-Robledo, M., Espinosa-Calderón, A., López-López, C., García-Espinosa, J. C., Zamudio-González, B., Turrente- Fernández, A. and Rosado-Núñez, F., 2019. Rendimiento y calidad de forraje de híbridos de maíz en Valles Altos de México. Revista mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, 10(1), pp. 101-111. https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v10i1.1403

Zardin, P. B., Velho, J. P., Jobim, C. C., Alessio, D. R. M., Haygert-Velho, I. M. P., da Conceição, G. M., and Almeida, P. S. G., 2017. Chemical composition of corn silage produced by scientific studies in Brazil–A meta-analysis. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 38(1), pp. 503-511. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n1p503

Zeynep, D., Mehmet, K. and Arzu, E. T., 2021. Effects of nitrogen fertigation on yield, quality components, water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency of silage maize (Zea Mays L.) as the second crop. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 44(3), pp. 373-394. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2020.1822396




URN: http://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/urn:ISSN:1870-0462-tsaes.v28i1.56958

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.5695



Copyright (c) 2025 Julieta Estrada-Flores, Laura Castillo-Hernández, Angélica Terrazas, Margarita Tadeo-Robledo, Alejandro Espinosa-Calderón, Axel Castillo-Hernández, Jesús Macedo-González, Jesús Ramírez-Espinosa, Joob Zaragoza-Esparza

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.