AVANCES SOBRE EL USO DE OCHO PLANTAS TROPICALES PARA EL CONTROL DE GARRAPATAS Y NEMATODOS GASTROINTESTINALES EN BOVINOS, EQUINOS Y CANINOS

G.J. Flota-Biurgos, Jose Alberto Rosado Aguilar, R.I. Rodriguez-Vivas, R. Borges-Argaez, M. Gamboa-Angulo

Abstract


Antecedentes. Las garrapatas y los nematodos gastrointestinales (NGI) afectan negativamente en la salud, bienestar y producción de los animales domésticos. Adicionalmente, algunos parásitos representan un potencial zoonótico y han desarrollado resistencia acaricida y antihelmíntica a los principales fármacos empleados para su control. Debido a esto, se han explorado alternativas de control, destacando el uso de extractos de plantas y sus metabolitos secundarios con actividad acaricida y antihelmíntica. Objetivo. Presentar los principales avances sobre el uso de ocho plantas tropicales de la península de Yucatán para el control de garrapatas y nematodos de bovinos, equinos y caninos. Metodología. Se recopilaron artículos científicos y trabajos inéditos realizados por el grupo de trabajo de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán y el Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán. La revisión se centró en el uso de extractos de ocho plantas y los compuestos activos de Petiveria alliacea contra Rhipicephalus microplus y los compuestos de Diospyros anisandra contra NGI como Ancylostoma caninum, Haemonchus placei y ciatostominos. Resultados. Los estudios sobre los extractos de Bursera simaruba, Caesalpinia gaumeri, Casearia corymbosa, D. anisandra, Havardia albicans, P. alliacea, Solanum tridynamum y S. erianthum demostraron su potencial acaricida contra larvas de R. microplus resistentes a acaricidas. P. alliacea además demostró altos porcentajes de mortalidad en garrapatas adultas, así como disminución en sus indicadores reproductivos. La actividad acaricida se le atribuyó a los compuestos trisulfuro de dibencilo y disulfuro de dibencilo, los cuales provocan daños histológicos al sistema reproductor de las hembras adultas, afectando el proceso de ovogénesis. P. alliacea también demostró actividad antihelmíntica (AH) de amplio espectro contra huevos de A. caninum, H. placei y ciatostominos. En D. anisandra se demostró también alta AH (ovicida) contra los nematodos previamente mencionados. A la plumbagina se le atribuyó la responsabilidad de la AH, aún a muy bajas concentraciones. Por otra parte, se observó diferencia en la actividad acaricida y AH dependiendo de la parte de la planta y época de colecta para ambas plantas. Implicaciones. Se requieren más estudios para la identificación de compuestos activos antihelmínticos de P. alliacea, elucidar los mecanismos de acción, y explorar la farmacodinamia y farmacocinética de los compuestos activos de ambas plantas para realizar estudios in vivo seguros y eficaces. Conclusiones. Los extractos de las ocho plantas evaluadas presentan alta actividad acaricida contra R. microplus resistentes a acaricidas. P. alliacea, D. anisandra y sus compuestos activos presentan además alta AH de amplio espectro contra NGI del orden strongylida, por lo cual representan una potencial alternativa de control contra garrapatas y nematodos de animales domésticos. 

Keywords


acaricida; animales; antihelmíntica; alternativa de control; plantas

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References


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URN: http://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/urn:ISSN:1870-0462-tsaes.v27i1.49218

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4921

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