FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH THE RHIZOSPHERE OF Rhizophora mangle AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE NATURAL ATTENUATION OF PETROLEUM-CONTAMINATED SOILS

Oswaldo Guzmán-López, Alan Couttolenc, María del Carmen Cuevas-Díaz, Alejandro Salinas-Castro, Guillermo Mendoza, César Espinoza

Abstract


Background. Mangrove ecosystems in oil-producing areas in the south of Veracruz, Mexico are permanently threatened by oil spill contamination. In this context, Rhizophora mangle and the microbiota associated with its rhizosphere have adapted over time to processes of bioremediation and natural attenuation of petroleum hydrocarbons. Objective. To evaluate the hydrocarbonoclastic potential of filamentous fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of R. mangle present in a hydrocarbon-contaminated site in Veracruz. Methodology. A rhizosphere sample was characterized physicochemically and total petroleum hydrocarbons were quantified. Fungal strains with hydrocarbonoclastic capacity were isolated in Noble agar medium, salts, and paper impregnated with Maya crude oil. The strains were identified by cell morphology and rDNA ITS region sequencing, and the sequences were used to construct a phylogenetic tree using the maximum likelihood method. A liquid culture was developed in a mineral medium added with petroleum for 30 days and the saturated, polar, and aromatic fractions were quantified to determine the percentage of biodegradation. Results. Six strains of hydrocarbonoclastic fungi were isolated and identified in R. mangle rhizosphere contaminated with 109 916.5 mg kg-1 of TPHs. Of these strains, Aspergillus niger and A. flavus showed the highest hydrocarbon biodegradation with 30.5 and 26.1%, respectively. The highest biodegradation of the saturated fraction was observed with A. niger, A. flavus, and A. egyptiacus; Fusarium oxysporum and A. niger preferred the polar fraction, while A. niger and A. flavus assimilated more of the aromatic fraction.  Implications. These hydrocarbonoclastic strains may be potentially used in restoration strategies for hydrocarbon-contaminated mangroves. Conclusion. The microorganisms associated with contaminated mangroves are part of the natural attenuation of the studied site and may be useful for the treatment of sites affected by petroleum spills. Antecedentes. Los ecosistemas de manglar presentes en zonas petroleras del sur de Veracruz, México, se encuentran permanentemente amenazados por la contaminación por derrames de hidrocarburos. En este sentido, Rhizophora mangle y su microbiota asociada a la rizosfera se han adaptado a través del tiempo a procesos de biorremediación y atenuación natural de hidrocarburos del petróleo. Objetivo. Evaluar el potencial hidrocarbonoclasta de hongos filamentosos aislados de la rizosfera de R. mangle presentes en un sitio contaminado con hidrocarburos de Veracruz. Metodología: Se caracterizó fisicoquímicamente una muestra compuesta de rizosfera y se cuantificaron los hidrocarburos totales del petróleo. Se aislaron cepas fúngicas con capacidad hidrocarbonoclasta en medio agar noble, sales y con papel impregnado de petróleo crudo Maya. Las cepas fueron identificadas por morfología celular y por secuenciación de la región ITS del ADNr, se realizó un árbol filogenético con las secuencias por el método de máxima verosimilitud. Se realizó cultivo líquido en medio mineral adicionado con petróleo durante 30 días, se cuantificaron la fracción saturada, polar y de aromáticos determinando los porcentajes de biodegradación. Resultados: Se aislaron e identificaron seis cepas de hongos hidrocarbonoclastas a partir de rizosfera de R. mangle contaminado con 109 916.5 mg kg-1 de HTP, de las cuales Aspergillus niger y A. flavus fueron los que presentaron una mayor biodegradación de hidrocarburos con un 30.5 y 26.1%, respectivamente. La mayor biodegradación de la fracción saturada fue con A. niger, A. flavus y A. egyptiacus; Fusarium oxysporum y A. niger prefirieron mejor la fracción polar; mientras que A. niger y A. flavus asimilaron más la fracción de aromáticos.  Implicaciones Estas cepas hidrocarbonoclastas pueden tener un potencial para utilizarse en estrategias de restauración de manglares contaminados con hidrocarburos. Conclusión Los microorganismos asociados al manglar contaminado forman parte de la atenuación natural del sitio estudiado y podrían ser útiles en el tratamiento de sitios impactados por derrames de petróleo.

Keywords


Contamination; Hydrocarbonoclasts; Mangrove; Crude oil

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URN: http://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/urn:ISSN:1870-0462-tsaes.v27i2.55166

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.5516

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Copyright (c) 2024 César Espinoza, Oswaldo Guzmán-López, Alan Couttolenc, María del Carmen Cuevas-Díaz, Alejandro Salinas-Castro, Guillermo Mendoza

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