AN UPDATE OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF RICKETTSIOSIS IN THE MEXICAN TROPIC

Marco Torres-Castro, Enrique Reyes-Novelo, Abigail Arroyo-Ramírez, César Lugo-Caballero, Jesús Alonso Panti-May, Roger I. Rodríguez-Vivas

Abstract


Background: Rickettsioses are diseases caused by Rickettsia bacteria, transmitted through tick or mite bites, or through contact with feces from lice or fleas. In Mexico, these diseases are a major public health concern, particularly in the tropical states where they appear to be responsible for most cases and the highest mortality rates. In the epidemiology of rickettsiosis, domiciled dogs and rodents play a significant role in maintaining of biological vectors in the vicinity of dwellings and in domestic and companion animals that people live with. It has been determined that some characteristics of households in localities with some degree of social-economic marginalization increase the risk of occurrence of Rickettsia spp. in the occupants. Objective: To present a literature review on the epidemiology of rickettsiosis, delving into studies about the characteristics of the peridomiciliary space and the most common animals that live there involved in the occurrence of rickettsiosis in localities of the Mexican tropic. Methodology: Using keywords related to the objective, a search between November 2022 and April 2023 was carried out on digital sources of information from various types of scientific references. The search results were classified according to eligibility criteria. Results: The information generated in the Mexican tropic on the epidemiology of rickettsiosis involving synanthropic and domestic animals, as well as the characteristics of the peridomiciliary space, is more extensive and numerous than in other regions of the country. Implications: The present review includes part of the epidemiological panorama of endemic rickettsiosis in the Mexican tropics, which is not necessarily attributable to other regions where environmental and socioeconomic conditions can modify the behavior of these diseases. Conclusions: It has been documented that the transmission of zoonoses such as rickettsiosis is influenced by ecological or environmental conditions and the characteristics of anthropized environments such as the peridomicile, which represent factors related to the occurrence of these diseases in the households’ occupants of localities in the Mexican tropics. Several pathogenic species of Rickettsia are found in domesticated dogs and some species of wild and synanthropic rodents, indicating their significant epidemiological role in the tropical regions of Mexico.

Keywords


bacteria; fleas; lice; Rickettsia; ticks.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdad, M.Y., Abou Abdallah, R., Fournier, P.E., Stenos, J., and Vasoo S., 2018. A concise review of the epidemiology and Diagnostics of rickettsioses: Rickettsia and Orientia spp. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 56 pp., e01717.https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01728-17

Arroyo-Ramírez, A., Lugo-Caballero, C., Bolio-González, M., Rodríguez-Vivas, R.I., Reyes-Novelo, E., Panti-May, J.A. and Torres-Castro M.A., 2022. El género Rickettsia y reportes de infección en perros de Yucatán, México. Bioagrociencias, 15, pp. 65-76. https://doi.org/10.56369/BAC.4266

Arroyo-Ramírez, A., Lugo-Caballero, C., Panti-May, J.A., Reyes-Novelo, E., Rodríguez-Vivas, R.I., Noh-Pech, H., Suárez-Galaz, A., Osorio-Primo, T., Puerto, F.I., Dzul-Rosado, K. and Torres-Castro, M., 2023. An unusual identification of Rickettsia parkeri in synanthropic rodents and domiciliated dogs of a rural community from Yucatán, Mexico. Zoonoses and Public Health, 70, pp. 594-603. https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.13068

Adem, P.V., 2019. Emerging and re-emerging rickettsial infections. Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology, 36, pp. 146-151. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semdp.2019.04.005

Blanton, L.S., 2019. The rickettsioses: a practical update. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 33, pp. 213-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2018.10.010

Canché-Pool, E.B., Panti-May, J.A., Ruiz-Piña, H.A., Torres-Castro, M., Escobedo-Ortegón, F.J., Tamay-Segovia, P., Blum-Domínguez, S., Torres-Castro, J.R. and Reyes-Novelo, E., 2022. Cutaneous leishmaniasis emergence in Southeastern Mexico: The case of the State of Yucatan. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, 7, pp. 444-453. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7120444

Danchenko, M., Benada, O., Škultéty, ?. and Sekeyová, Z., 2022. Culture isolate of Rickettsia felis from a tick. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, pp. 4321-4339. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074321

Dirección General de Epidemiología (2021) Manual de procedimientos estandarizados para la vigilancia epidemiológica de las enfermedades transmitidas por vector. http://epidemiologia.salud.gob.mx/gobmx/salud/documentos/manuales/36_Manual_ETV.pdf. Fecha de consulta: 22 de marzo de 2023

Dzul-Rosado, K., Lugo-Caballero, C., Tello-Martín, R., López-Ávila, K. and Zavala-Castro, J., 2017. Direct evidence of Rickettsia typhi infection in Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks and their canine hosts. Open Veterinary Journal, 7, pp. 165-169. https://doi.org/10.4314/ovj.v7i2.14

Dzul-Rosado, K.R., Reyes-Novelo, E., Lugo-Caballero, C., Cuxim-Koyoc, A.D., Collí-Padrón, F., Tello-Martín, R., López-Ávila, K., Palma-Chan, A., Peniche-Lara, G. and Ruiz-Piña, H.A., 2021. Urban ecology of hosts and vectors of Rickettsia in a rickettsiosis-endemic city of the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico. Acta Tropica, 216, p. 105832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105832

Dzul-Rosado, K., Cámara-Herrera, R., Miranda-Schaeubinger, M., Arias-León, J., Peniche-Lara, G., Gilman-Robert, H., Mercado-Saavedra, B.N., Lugo-Caballero, C., López-Ávila, K., Tello-Martín, R. and Omodior, O., 2022. Socio-ecological determinants of rickettsial seroprevalence in a rural community of Yucatán, Mexico. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 102, p. 105291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105291

Estrada-Mendizabal, R.J., Tamez-Rivera, O., Vela, E.H., Blanco-Murillo, P., Alanis-Garza, C., Flores-Gouyonnet, J., Garza, J.S.S., Medina, G.Y.C., García-Rodriguez, L.E. and Escamilla, A.R.M., 2023. Rickettsial disease outbreak, Mexico, 2022. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 29, pp. 1944-1947. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2909.230344

El Karkouri, K., Ghigo, E., Raoult, D. and Fournier, P.E., 2022. Genomic evolution and adaptation of arthropod-associated Rickettsia. Scientific Reports, 12, p. 3807. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-07725-z

Foley, J., Tinoco-Gracia, L., Rodriguez-Lomelí, M., Estrada-Guzmán, J., Fierro, M., Mattar-Lopez, E., Peterson, A., Pascoe, E., Gonzalez, Y., Hori-Oshima, A., Armstronh, P.A., Lopez, G., Jacome-Ibarra, M., Paddock, C.D. and Zazueta, O.E., 2019. Unbiased assessment of abundance of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks, canine exposure to spotted fever group Rickettsia, and risk factors in Mexicali, México. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 101, pp. 22-32. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.18-0878

Grant, M.J, and Booth, A. 2009. A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health Information and Libraries Journal, 26, pp. 91-108. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-1842.2009.00848.x

Hernández, V., 2017. Estudios epidemiológicos: tipos, diseño e interpretación. Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal al Día, 16, pp. 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eii.2017.03.001

Jiang, J., Farris, C.M., Yeh, K.B. and Richards, A.L., 2021. International Rickettsia disease surveillance: an example of cooperative research to increase laboratory capability and capacity for risk assessment of rickettsial outbreaks worldwide. Frontiers in Medicine, 8, p. 622015. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.622015

Kamath, V., Shreyashi, G., Bhatia, J.K. and Himabindu, R., 2020. Rickettsial infections: past and present perspectives. APIK Journal of Internal Medicine, 8, pp. 4-10. https://doi.org/10.4103/AJIM.AJIM_22_19

Kim, H.K., 2022. Rickettsia-host-tick interactions: knowledge advances and gaps. Infection and Immunity, 90, p. e0062121. https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.00621-21

Laukaitis, H.J. and Macaluso, K.R., 2021. Unpacking the intricacies of Rickettsia-vector interactions. Trends in Parasitology, 37, pp. 734-746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2021.05.008

Lugo-Caballero, C., Torres-Castro, M., López-Ávila, K., Hernández-Betancourt, S., Noh-Pech, H., Tello-Martín, R., Puerto-Manzano, F. and Dzul-Rosado, K., 2021. Molecular identification of zoonotic Rickettsia species closely related to R. typhi, R. felis, & R. rickettsii in bats from Mexico. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 154, pp. 536-538. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1083_19

Manrique-Saide, P., 2023. Hacia el abordaje integral de las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores en el sur de México. Salud Pública de México, 65, pp. 109-111. https://doi.org/10.21149/14706

Martínez-Ortiz, D., Torres-Castro, M., Koyoc-Cardeña, E., López, K., Panti-May, A., Rodríguez-Vivas, I., Puc, A., Dzul, K., Zavala-Castro, J., Medina-Barreiro, A., Chablé-Santos, J. and Manrique Saide, P., 2016. Detección molecular de Rickettsia typhi en perros de una comunidad rural de Yucatán, México. Biomédica, 36, pp. 45-50. https://doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v36i2.2913

Moreno-Trujillo, M., Orendain-Jaime, E.N., Castro-Luque, E., Sotelo-Barajas, B. and Monay-Gallardo, G., 2020. Rickettsiosis vs síndrome de HELLP. Informe de caso clínico. Revista de Ginecología y Obstetricia de México, 88, pp. 477-483.

Ojeda-Chi, M.M., Rodríguez-Vivas, R.I., Esteve-Gasent, M.D., Pérez de León, A.A., Modarelli, J.J. and Villegas-Perez, S.L., 2019. Ehrlichia canis in dogs of Mexico: prevalence, incidence, co-infection and factors associated. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 67, p. 101351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101351

Panti-May, J.A., Torres-Castro, M., Hernández-Betancourt, S., Dzul-Rosado, K., Zavala-Castro, J., López-Ávila, K. and Tello-Martín, R., 2015. Detection of Rickettsia felis in wild mammals from three municipalities in Yucatan, Mexico. Ecohealth, 12, pp. 523-527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-014-1003-2

Parija, S.C., 2023. Rickettsia, Orientia, Ehrlichia and Coxiella. In: Subhash Chandra Parija (ed) Textbook of Microbiology and Immunology. Springer. Singapore. pp. 641-652. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3315-8_44

Peniche-Lara, G., Dzul-Rosado, K., Pérez-Osorio, C. and Zavala-Castro, J., 2015. Rickettsia typhi in rodents and R. felis in fleas in Yucatán as a possible causal agent of undefined febrile cases. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, 57, pp. 129-132. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652015000200005

Piotrowski, M. and Rymaszewska, A., 2020. Expansion of tick-borne rickettsioses in the world. Microorganisms, 8, p. 1906. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8121906

Premaratna, R., 2022. Rickettsial illnesses, a leading cause of acute febrile illness. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 22, pp. 2-5. https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmed.2021-0790

Reyes-Novelo, E., Ruíz-Piña, H., Canché-Pool, E.B., Panti-May, J.A. and Escobedo-Ortegón, F.J., 2022. El peridomicilio y las zoonosis en Yucatán. Hacia la búsqueda de una salud. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystem, 25, pp. #011. http://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.3907

Richard, L., Aenishaenslin, C. and Zinszer, K., 2020. Zoonoses and social determinants of health: A consultation of Canadian experts. One Health, 12, p. 100199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100199

Rodríguez-Muñoz, L. and Solórzano-Santos, F., 2022. Rickettsiosis. Se requiere extender su vigilancia en México. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, 42, p. 151.

Rodríguez-Muñoz, L., Barrera-Salinas, R., Sánchez-García, C., Solórzano-Santos, F., Vaquera-Aparicio, D.N. and López-Castillo., D., 2023. Rickettsiosis de fiebre manchada. Estudio de casos notificados en un hospital pediátrico de segundo nivel en el noreste de México, 2012-2022. Gaceta Médica de México, 159, pp. 138-144. https://doi.org/10.24875/gmm.22000354

Rodríguez-Vivas, R.I., Apanaskevich, D.A., Ojeda-Chi, M.M., Trinidad-Martínez, I., Reyes-Novelo, E., Esteve-Gassent, M.D. and Pérez de León, A.A., 2016. Ticks collected from humans, domestic animals, and wildlife in Yucatan, Mexico. Veterinary Parasitology., 215, pp. 106-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.11.010

Rodríguez-Vivas, R.I., Ojeda-Chi, M.M., Sánchez-Montes, S. and Torres-Castro, M.A., 2022. La garrapata Amblyomma ovale: otro potencial vector de agentes patógenos para animales y humanos. Bioagrociencias, 15, pp. 28-38. https://doi.org/10.56369/BAC.4242

Rodríguez-Vivas, R.I., Flota-Burgos, G.J., Bolio-González, M.E., Rosado-Aguilar J.A., Gutiérrez-Ruiz, E.J., Torres-Castro, M., Panti-May, J.A. and Reyes-Novelo, E., 2023. La garrapata café del perro, Rhipicephalus sanguineus: Biología y control. Vanguardia Veterinaria, 116, pp. 10-16.

Sánchez-Montes, S., Colunga-Salas, P., Lozano-Sardaneta, Y.N., Zazueta-Islas, H.M., Ballados-González, G.G., Salceda-Sánchez, B., Huerta-Jiménez, H., Torres-Castro, M., Panti-May, J.A., Peniche-Lara, G., Muñoz-García, C.I., Rendón-Franco, E., Ojeda-Chi, M.M., Rodríguez-Vivas, R.I., Zavala-Castro, J., Dzul-Rosado, K., Lugo-Caballero, C., Alcántara-Rodríguez, V.E., Delgado-de la Mora, J., Licona-Enríquez, J.D., Delgado-de la Mora, D., López-Pérez, A.M., Álvarez-Hernández, G., Tinoco-Gracia, L., Rodríguez-Lomelí, M., Ulloa-García, A., Blum-Domínguez, S., Tamay-Segovia, P., Aguilar-Tipacamú, G., Cruz-Romero, A., Romero-Salas, D., Martínez-Medina, M.A. and Becker, I., 2021. The genus Rickettsia in Mexico: Current knowledge and perspectives. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 12, p. 101633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101633

Sosa-Gutiérrez, C.G., Vargas, M., Torres, J. and Gordillo-Pérez, G., 2014. Tick-borne rickettsial pathogens in rodents from Mexico. Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 7, pp. 884-889. https://doi.org/10.4236/jbise.2014.711087

Torres-Castro, M., Martínez-Ortiz, D., Panti-May, A., Koyoc-Cardeña, E., López-Ávila, K., Dzul-Rosado, K., Zavala-Castro, J., Chablé-Santos, J. and Manrique-Saide, P., 2018. Rickettsia typhi en roedores de una comunidad con antecedentes de tifo murino, de Yucatán, México. Revista MVZ Córdoba, 23, pp. 6974-6980. https://doi.org/10.21897/rmvz.1420

Torres-Castro, M.A., Noh-Pech, H.R., Lugo-Caballero, C.I., Dzul-Rosado, K.R., and Puerto, F.I., 2020a. Las enfermedades transmitidas por vector: importancia y aspectos epidemiológicos. Bioagrociencias, 13, pp. 31-41. http://doi.org/10.56369/BAC.3446

Torres-Castro, M., Reyes-Novelo, E., Noh-Pech, H., Tello-Martín, R., Lugo-Caballero, C., Dzul-Rosado, K., Puerto-Manzano, F. and Rodríguez-Vivas, R.I., 2020b. Personal and household factors involved in recent Rickettsia exposure in a rural population from Yucatán, Mexico. Zoonoses and Public Health, 67, pp. 506-515. https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12714

Torres-Castro, M., Reyes-Novelo, E., Noh-Pech, H., Sánchez-Montes, S., Colunga-Salas, P., Lugo-Caballero, C. and Rodríguez-Vivas, R.I., 2022a. Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia typhi in inhabitants from a rural community of southeast Mexico. Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública, 39, pp. 124-125. https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2022.391.10519

Torres-Castro, M., Sánchez-Montes, S., Colunga-Salas, P., Noh-Pech, H., Reyes-Novelo, E. and Rodríguez-Vivas, R.I., 2022b. Molecular confirmation of Rickettsia parkeri in humans from southern Mexico. Zoonoses and Public Health, 69, pp. 382-386. https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12927

Torres-Castro, M., Reyes-Novelo, E., Bolio-González, M., Lugo-Caballero, C., Dzul-Rosado, K., Colunga-Salas, P., Sánchez-Montes, S., Noh-Pech, H., Puerto, F.I., and Rodríguez-Vivas, R.I., 2022c. Epidemiological study of the occurrence of typhus group Rickettsia natural infection in domiciliated dogs from a rural community in south-eastern Mexico. Animals, 12, p. 2885. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12202885

Torres-Castro, M.A., Suárez-Galaz, A.R., Carrillo-Chan, C.F., Chan-Chan, L.R., Suárez-Galaz, M.A., Moguel-Chin, W.I, Panti-May, J.A., Reyes-Novelo, E., and Rodríguez-Vivas, R.I., 2023. Emergencia de las rickettsiosis en México: el caso de Rickettsia parkeri. Bioagrociencias, 16, pp. 30-40. http://doi.org/10.56369/BAC.5

Torres-Castro, M.A. and Rivero-Juárez, A. 2023. Antecedentes, definiciones y desafíos sobre elenfoque “Una Salud” en Medicina Veterinaria. Bioagrociencias, 16, pp. 16-28. https://doi.org/10.56369/BAC.5149

Torres-Chablé, O.M,. Jimenez-Delgadillo, B.G., Alvarado-Kantún, Y.N., Zaragoza-Vera, C.V., Arjona-Jimenez, G., Zaragoza-Vera, M., Baak-Baak, C.M., Cigarroa-Toledo, N., Brito-Argaez, L.G., Machain-Williams, C. and Garcia-Rejon, J.E., 2020. Rickettsia parkeri (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) detected in Amblyomma maculatum ticks collected on dogs in Tabasco, Mexico. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 82, pp. 431-440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-020-00524-z

Zavala-Velázquez, J.E., Ruiz-Sosa, J.A., Sánchez-Elias, R.A., Becerra-Carmona, G. and Walker, D.H., 2000. Rickettsia felis rickettsiosis in Yucatán. Lancet, 356, pp. 1079-1080. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02735-5

Zavala-Castro, J.E., Zavala-Velázquez, J.E., del Rosario-García, M., León, J.J. and Dzul-Rosado, K.R., 2009. A dog naturally infected whit Rickettsia akari in Yucatán, México. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 9, pp. 345-347. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2008.0189

Zhang, Y.Y., Sun, Y.Q., Chen, J.J., Teng, A.Y., Wang, T., Li, H., Hay, S.I., Fang, L.Q., Yang, Y. and Liu, W., 2023. Mapping the global distribution of spotted fever group rickettsiae: a systematic review with modelling analysis. Lancet Digital Health, 5, pp. e5-e15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(22)00212-6




URN: http://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/urn:ISSN:1870-0462-tsaes.v27i2.49420

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4942

Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2024 Marco Torres-Castro, Enrique Reyes-Novelo, Abigail Arroyo-Ramírez, César Lugo-Caballero, Jesús Alonso Panti-May, Roger I. Rodríguez-Vivas

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.