Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA
<p> </p><p><strong>ISSN: <strong>1870-0462 </strong></strong><strong>ISSN-L: <strong>1870-0462</strong></strong></p>Universidad Autónoma de Yucatanen-USTropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems1870-0462<ol><ol><li>Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution License</a> that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.</li></ol></ol><br /><ol><li>Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.</li></ol>Cover Vol. 27, No. 1
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/5442
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Copyright (c) 2024 . .
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2024-01-312024-01-31271RECENT ADVANCES IN THE USE OF SECONDARY COMPOUNDS FOR THE CONTROL OF ANIMAL PARASITES
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/5436
M.A. Alonso DiazI. Chaves Sousa
Copyright (c) 2023 M.A. Alonso Diaz, I. Chaves Sousa
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2024-01-302024-01-3027110.56369/tsaes.5436AMERICAN CONSORTIUM FOR SMALL RUMINANT PARASITE CONTROL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE USE OF PLANT SECONDARY COMPOUNDS OF SERICEA LESPEDEZA FOR THE CONTROL OF SHEEP AND GOAT PARASITES
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/4542
<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: Sericea lespedeza (SL; <em>Lespedeza cuneata</em>) is a warm-season perennial legume well-adapted to the warm, moist climate of the southeastern USA. High in condensed tannins and other secondary compounds, SL has potential as an anti-parasitic nutraceutical forage for sheep and goats in this region and throughout the world where it is adapted. <strong>Objectives</strong>: To summarize the nearly 20 years’ work of the American Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control (ACSRPC) related to the anti-parasitic properties of SL in the diet of small ruminants. <strong>Results</strong>: In a series of experiments with goats and sheep fed SL in fresh (grazed), dried (hay, leaf meal, pellets) or preserved (ensiled) forms, this forage showed promising anti-parasitic efficacy against GIN, particularly <em>Haemonchus contortus</em>, and coccidia (<em>Eimeria </em>spp.), lowering gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) fecal egg counts (FEC), coccidial fecal oocyst counts (FOC), and reducing GIN larval development and worm burdens. <strong>Implications</strong>: These results indicate the potential of SL as a component of integrated, novel (non-chemical) parasite management programs for on-farm application by small ruminant producers. <strong>Conclusions</strong>: Sericea lespedeza has very good anti-parasitic activity against GIN and coccidial infection in sheep and goats and has excellent potential as a nutraceutical forage for small ruminant producers, either for their own use or for sale as nutraceutical hay or pellets.</p>Thomas Terrill
Copyright (c) 2023 Thomas Terrill
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2023-11-022023-11-0227110.56369/tsaes.4542SECONDARY COMPOUNDS OF PLANTS AND THEIR EFFECT AGAINST THE Varroa destructor MITE
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/4527
<p><strong>Background:</strong> The honeybee (<em>Apis mellifera</em> L.) represents one of the most important species in the maintenance of ecosystems, since it contributes to crop pollination, which improves crop yields and the reproduction of other plants. However, some factors such as climate change, africanization and various pathological processes, including the presence of the <em>Varroa destructor</em> mite, have led to a decline in <em>A. mellifera</em> populations. <strong>Objective:</strong> To collect scientific information on the plants used for mite control, as well as the organic derivatives and secondary compounds with bioacaricidal potential used for such control. <strong>Main findings:</strong> Due to the fact that infestations of this mite have become a major problem, numerous control methods have been developed and tested, mainly based on synthetic acaricides; however, these have generated disadvantages such as the development of resistance and contamination of products such as honey and pollen. <strong>Implications:</strong> Therefore, it is necessary to implement an organic, environmentally friendly control method that reduces mite populations without developing resistance, and that does not generate contamination of hive sub-products. <strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>s: </strong>In general, the most common types of extracts tested were essential oils and hydroalcoholic extracts, which reported mortality ranging from 26.4 to 99.5% on <em>V. destructor</em>. Likewise, some species of plants endemic to Matorral Espinoso Tamaulipeco (MET) have been tested against other arthropods and that could be an important source of components that act as acaricides; however, it is necessary to identify and analyze the secondary compounds, as well as the molecules and their activity on <em>V. destructor</em>.</p>Jesús Humberto Reyna FuentesCecilia Carmela Zapata CamposJosé Octavio Merino CharrezDaniel López AguirreJuan Alberto Ascasio Valdéz
Copyright (c) 2023 Jesús Humberto Reyna Fuentes, Cecilia Carmela Zapata Campos, José Octavio Merino Charrez, Daniel López Aguirre, Juan Alberto Ascasio Valdéz
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2023-11-022023-11-0227110.56369/tsaes.4527RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS FROM EDIBLE MUSHROOMS FOR THE CONTROL OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES AND PHYTOPARASITES
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/4611
<p><strong>Background</strong>: There<em> </em>are<em> </em>over<em> </em>1,500,000<em> </em>species<em> </em>of<em> </em>mushrooms<em> </em>worldwide<em> </em>and<em> </em>approximately<em> </em>20,000<em> </em>of<em> </em>them<em> </em>are<em> </em>present<em> </em>in<em> </em>Mexico<em> </em>where<em> </em>native<em> </em>cultures<em> </em>use<em> </em>some<em> </em>species<em> </em>of<em> </em>wild<em> </em>mushrooms<em> </em>for<em> </em>different<em> </em>purposes.<em> </em>Among<em> </em>those<em> </em>mushroom<em> </em>species<em> </em>approximately<em> </em>200<em> </em>are<em> </em>edible,<em> </em>the<em> </em>genus<em> Pleurotus </em>spp<em> </em>the<em> </em>second<em> </em>most<em> </em>produced<em> </em>and<em> </em>consumed<em> </em>on<em> </em>the<em> </em>American<em> </em>continent.<em> </em>The<em> </em>production<em> </em>of<em> Pleurotus </em>spp.<em> </em>have<em> </em>had<em> </em>rapid<em> </em>development<em> </em>in<em> </em>the<em> </em>food<em> </em>industry,<em> </em>due<em> </em>to<em> </em>their<em> </em>nutraceutical<em> </em>and<em> </em>pharmacological<em> </em>properties,<em> </em>ease<em> </em>of<em> </em>growth<em> </em>and<em> </em>adaptation<em> </em>to<em> </em>the<em> </em>diversity<em> </em>of<em> </em>organic<em> </em>substrates<em> </em>on<em> </em>wich<em> </em>they<em> </em>can<em> </em>grow.<em> </em>Other<em> </em>edible<em> </em>mushrooms,<em> </em>such<em> </em>as<em> Lentinula edodes </em>(Shiitake),<em> </em>have<em> </em>also<em> </em>been<em> </em>used<em> </em>for<em> </em>their<em> </em>nutraceutical<em> </em>properties.<em> </em><strong>Objective</strong>:<em> </em>The<em> </em>present<em> </em>work<em> </em>provides a<em> </em>general<em> </em>and<em> </em>updated<em> </em>overview<em> </em>of<em> </em>the<em> </em>advances<em> </em>in<em> </em>the<em> </em>use<em> </em>of<em> </em>the<em> </em>secondary<em> </em>metabolites<em> </em>of<em> </em>edible<em> </em>macromycetes<em> </em>and<em> </em>their<em> </em>by-products<em> </em>for<em> </em>the<em> </em>control<em> </em>of<em> </em>parasites<em> </em>in<em> </em>the<em> </em>agricultural<em> </em>sector.<em> </em>The<em> </em>methodological<em> </em>strategy<em> </em>used<em> </em>was<em> </em>a<em> </em>detailed<em> </em>bibliographic<em> </em>review<em> </em>in<em> </em>different<em> </em>sources<em> </em>such<em> </em>as<em> </em>PubMed<em> </em>for<em> </em>the<em> </em>National<em> </em>Center<em> </em>for<em> </em>Biotechnology<em> </em>Information<em> </em>(NCBI),<em> </em>ResearchGate,<em> </em>Scopus,<em> </em>Science<em> </em>direct,<em> </em>among<em> </em>others.<em> </em><strong>Main findings:</strong><em> </em>The<em> </em>review<em> </em>process<em> </em>showed<em> </em>that<em> </em>nine<em> </em>species<em> </em>of<em> </em>edible<em> </em>mushrooms<em> </em>exhibited<em> in vitro </em>nematicidal<em> </em>activity<em> </em>against<em> </em>parasitic<em> </em>nematodes<em> </em>of<em> </em>plants<em> </em>(<em>Nacobbus aberrans </em>and<em> Meloidogyne enterolobii</em>)<em> </em>and<em> </em>animals<em> </em>(<em>Haemonchus contortus</em>),<em> </em>including<em> Pleurotus </em>spp<em> </em>(<em>P. ostreatus</em>,<em> P. djamor</em>,<em> P. eryngii</em>,<em> P. pulmonarius</em>,<em> P. cornucopiae</em>),<em> Lentinula edodes </em>(Shiitake),<em> Panus </em>sp,<em> Coprinus comatus </em>and<em> Hericium erinaceus</em>.<em> </em>The<em> </em>antiparasitic<em> </em>effect<em> </em>has<em> </em>been<em> </em>attributed<em> </em>to<em> </em>diverse<em> </em>chemical<em> </em>compounds<em> </em>such<em> </em>as<em> </em>fatty<em> </em>acids,<em> </em>polyphenols<em> </em>and<em> </em>terpenes,<em> </em>which<em> </em>have<em> </em>been<em> </em>isolated<em> </em>from<em> </em>macromycetes<em> </em>and<em> </em>their<em> </em>by-products<em> </em>(degraded<em> </em>substrates<em> </em>of<em> </em>macromycetes).<em> </em>Our<em> </em>research<em> </em>group<em> </em>has<em> </em>pioneered<em> </em>the<em> </em>study<em> </em>of<em> </em>the<em> </em>uses<em> </em>and<em> </em>applications<em> </em>of<em> </em>secondary<em> </em>compounds<em> </em>derived<em> </em>from<em> </em>edible<em> </em>mushrooms<em> </em>and<em> </em>their<em> </em>by-products<em> </em>for<em> </em>parasite<em> </em>control<em> </em>in<em> </em>the<em> </em>agricultural<em> </em>sector.<em> </em><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This work sought edible mushroom products with nutraceutical potential that can satisfy the demands of producers and contribute to food self-sufficiency in Mexico.</p>Liliana Aguilar MarcelinoJ. F. J. Torres-AcostaC.A. Sandoval-CastroJosé E. SanchezManases Gonzalez-CortazarMaria Gabriela Mancilla-MontelongoPedro G. González-PechJesús A. Pineda-AlegríaJavier Ventura-CorderoGloria Sarahi Castañeda-Ramirez
Copyright (c) 2023 Liliana Aguilar Marcelino, Felipe Torres-Acosta, Carlos Sandoval-Castro, José Sanchez, Manases Gonzalez-Cortazar, Gabriela Mancilla-Montelongo, Pedro González-Pech, Jesús Pineda-Alegría, Javier Ventura-Cordero, Gloria Sarahi Castañeda-Ramirez
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2023-11-022023-11-0227110.56369/tsaes.4611AVANCES SOBRE EL USO DE OCHO PLANTAS TROPICALES PARA EL CONTROL DE GARRAPATAS Y NEMATODOS GASTROINTESTINALES EN BOVINOS, EQUINOS Y CANINOS
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/4921
<p><strong>Antecedentes</strong>. Las garrapatas y los nematodos gastrointestinales (NGI) afectan negativamente en la salud, bienestar y producción de los animales domésticos. Adicionalmente, algunos parásitos representan un potencial zoonótico y han desarrollado resistencia acaricida y antihelmíntica a los principales fármacos empleados para su control. Debido a esto, se han explorado alternativas de control, destacando el uso de extractos de plantas y sus metabolitos secundarios con actividad acaricida y antihelmíntica. <strong>Objetivo. </strong>Presentar los principales avances sobre el uso de ocho plantas tropicales de la península de Yucatán para el control de garrapatas y nematodos de bovinos, equinos y caninos. <strong>Metodología. </strong>Se recopilaron artículos científicos y trabajos inéditos realizados por el grupo de trabajo de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán y el Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán. La revisión se centró en el uso de extractos de ocho plantas y los compuestos activos de <em>Petiveria alliacea</em> contra <em>Rhipicephalus microplus</em> y los compuestos de <em>Diospyros anisandra</em> contra NGI como <em>Ancylostoma caninum</em>, <em>Haemonchus placei</em> y ciatostominos. <strong>Resultados</strong>. Los estudios sobre los extractos de <em>Bursera simaruba, Caesalpinia gaumeri, Casearia corymbosa, D. anisandra, Havardia albicans, P. alliacea</em>, <em>Solanum tridynamum </em>y<em> S. erianthum</em> demostraron su potencial acaricida contra larvas de <em>R. microplus </em>resistentes a acaricidas. <em>P. alliacea</em> además demostró altos porcentajes de mortalidad en garrapatas adultas, así como disminución en sus indicadores reproductivos. La actividad acaricida se le atribuyó a los compuestos trisulfuro de dibencilo y disulfuro de dibencilo, los cuales provocan daños histológicos al sistema reproductor de las hembras adultas, afectando el proceso de ovogénesis. <em>P. alliacea</em> también demostró actividad antihelmíntica (AH) de amplio espectro contra huevos de <em>A. caninum, H. placei</em> y ciatostominos. En <em>D. anisandra </em>se demostró también alta AH (ovicida) contra los nematodos previamente mencionados. A la plumbagina se le atribuyó la responsabilidad de la AH, aún a muy bajas concentraciones. Por otra parte, se observó diferencia en la actividad acaricida y AH dependiendo de la parte de la planta y época de colecta para ambas plantas. <strong>Implicaciones.</strong> Se requieren más estudios para la identificación de compuestos activos antihelmínticos de <em>P. alliacea</em>, elucidar los mecanismos de acción, y explorar la farmacodinamia y farmacocinética de los compuestos activos de ambas plantas para realizar estudios <em>in vivo</em> seguros y eficaces. <strong>Conclusiones.</strong> Los extractos de las ocho plantas evaluadas presentan alta actividad acaricida contra <em>R. microplus</em> resistentes a acaricidas. <em>P. alliacea, D. anisandra</em> y sus compuestos activos presentan además alta AH de amplio espectro contra NGI del orden strongylida, por lo cual representan una potencial alternativa de control contra garrapatas y nematodos de animales domésticos. </p>G.J. Flota-BiurgosJose Alberto Rosado AguilarR.I. Rodriguez-VivasR. Borges-ArgaezM. Gamboa-Angulo
Copyright (c) 2023 Jose Alberto Rosado Aguilar
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2023-11-022023-11-0227110.56369/tsaes.4921GENOMIC AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC APPROACHES TO STUDY TIMBER TREES: PERSPECTIVES TO STUDY RED CEDAR (Cedrela odorata L.)
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/4773
<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: The high-throughput genomic and transcriptomic approach has been developed and implemented to address the main challenges that the timber forestry sector faces, such as population growth, climate change, deforestation and the loss of forest ecosystem services. <strong>Objective:</strong> To carry out a bibliographic review focused on the genomes and transcriptomes of timber trees reported in the databases, with special attention to red cedar (<em>Cedrela odorata</em> L.), due to its importance as precious wood in Mexico. <strong>Methodology:</strong> A literature review was carried out, directed at studying timber trees with genomic and transcriptomic strategies in different databases such as Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, MDPI and Scielo to identify the timber species that have been reported genomes and transcriptomes. The structure of the review was the genomics of timber trees, the transcriptomics of wood, and the potential species for study due to their importance and finally, the databases for consultation. Subsequently, a bibliometric study was carried out with the bibliometrix library in R Studio. <strong>Main results</strong>: The first genome to be assembled at the chromosome level was the black cottonwood. Among the timber trees, the genomes of black cottonwood, desert poplar, eucalyptus and oak with a length of 392, 496, 691 and 789 Mb have been reported. Through study of the transcriptome, it has been possible to identify genes related to formation of the wood in a hybrid poplar (<em>Populus alba</em> L.<em> × P. glandulosa</em>) and <em>P. tremula</em> L. and with drought tolerance in <em>Pinus massoniana</em> and <em>Pinus pinaster</em> Aiton. In red cedar (<em>Cedrela odorata</em> L.), the transcriptome was obtained by sequencing a single leaf, identifying 52,181 gene models. In the NCBI, EMBL-EBI, TreeGenes, PLAZA databases and the hardwood genomics website it is possible to find information related to the genomics and transcriptomics of timber species. <strong>Implications:</strong> More research is required in omics in timber, particularly in red cedar, since the search on these topics yielded little information. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Through the bibliographic review in databases, the timber trees that have a described genome and transcriptome were identified. This information can be used for the assembly and annotation of new genomes, identification of genes and molecular markers, among other applications.</p>Lorena Jacqueline Gómez-GodínezCarlos Iván Cruz-CárdenasEdith Rojas-AnayaMarco Aurelio Aragón-MagadanLuis Felipe Guzmán
Copyright (c) 2023 Lorena Jacqueline Gómez, Carlos Iván Cruz-Cárdenas, Edith Rojas-Anaya, Marco Aurelio Aragón-Magadan, Luis Felipe Guzmán
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2023-11-132023-11-1327110.56369/tsaes.4773SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE: A KEY CONCEPT FOR THE STUDY OF SUSTAINABILITY IN AGROECOSYSTEMS
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/4758
<p><strong>Background</strong>. In order to achieve food security and sustainability in society, current research focused on the evaluation of socio-ecological resilience (SER) of agroecosystems (AES), applies various methodological frameworks to address challenges arising from climate change and the deterioration of natural resources. <strong>Objective</strong>. To review the state of the art on the concept of socio-ecological resilience to identify and analyze the methodological frameworks, attributes, indicators, and indices applied to measure the degree of resilience currently presented in various AES models. <strong>Methodology</strong>. Publications from 1998 to 2022 were reviewed from the Dialnet, SciELO, Redalyc databases, and the Google Scholar search engine. 62 publications were selected that included the term socio-ecological resilience associated with the words "definition," "concept," "agroecosystem," and "indicators." The criteria considered were the presence or absence of the concept, the SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) indicator, as well as clarity and precision. The documents were analyzed with Nvivo 12 Pro software, applying the word frequency analysis technique. <strong>Main Results</strong>. Colombia (18), Mexico (14), the United States (7), and Sweden (5) stand out with the highest number of publications, respectively and the authors Holling (19%) as the main driver of ecological resilience, Folke (16%) emphasized the importance of SER research, Gunderson (10%) pioneered resilience in socio-ecological systems, while Berkes (9.5%) and Walker (9%) excelled in applied SER research. Methodological frameworks that attempted to operationalize the concept were the framework for assessing the management of natural resource systems incorporating sustainability indicators (MESMIS), the resilience approach, the holistic risk index (HRI), and the methodology for assessing socio-ecological resilience (MERS). Furthermore, eight publications that mentioned the term socio-ecological resilience identified its main attributes as external disturbance (21.1%), adaptive capacity (18.4%), self-organization capacity (18.4%), stability domain or attraction (15.8%), and resistance (5.3%). It was also revealed that the most suitable indicators for measuring socio-ecological resilience are dependence on external inputs, organic certification, the presence of drought-tolerant species, vulnerability to extreme climatic events, agrobiodiversity, and levels of productive organization. <strong>Implications</strong>. Deriving suitable attributes and indicators to measure the level of socio-ecological resilience will depend on the political, economic, social, ecological context, and the spatial and temporal scale of the study. <strong>Conclusion</strong>. This review shows evidence on the research efforts carried out by the scientific community to develop methodological frameworks that contribute to assess the SER of the various agricultural production models and particularly, the AES that face greater risks associated with climate change.</p>José Luis Landa-OchoaFelipe Gallardo-LópezEsteban Escamilla-PradoCarlos Roberto Cerdán-CabreraGustavo Celestino Ortiz-Ceballos
Copyright (c) 2023 José Luis Landa-Ochoa, Gustavo Celestino Ortiz-Ceballos, Felipe Gallardo-López, Esteban Escamilla-Prado, Carlos Roberto Cerdán-Cabrera
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2023-12-272023-12-2727110.56369/tsaes.4758MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH RELATED TO EMOTIONS IN AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/5090
<p><strong>Background</strong>: Emotions can be defined as a temporary state aroused by relevant external biological stimuli, either adverse or positive that have specific effects on the organism both in the body and in the mind. Research that has focused on emotions has grown exponentially even in areas such as agronomy and biology. <strong>Objective</strong>: This research aimed to explore current research on emotions, in order to achieve a better understanding of how they have been addressed in the field of agricultural and biological sciences. <strong>Methodology</strong>: VOSviewer software was used to conduct a co-occurrence analysis on 792 articles related to emotions published in the Elsevier® Scopus® database, the countries that published the most, scientific journals, and institutions were also analyzed. <strong>Main findings:</strong> The results show that the United States is the most productive country. In the early stages, the functioning of the human brain was characterized, later, studies with a cognitive, physiological and psychological approach were carried out and in recent years, research focused on consumer behavior. <strong>Implications</strong>. This study contributes to a better understanding of emotions and their implications in different aspects, such as nutrition, health and emotional well-being; highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary approach for a better approximation to the understanding of the complexity that occurs in agroecosystems, particularly those in tropical and subtropical zones that face considerable gaps with respect to other regions. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> It is concluded that research on emotions is having an impact on the understanding of perception and intentions that society has to acquire goods and services provided from the agri-food sector.</p>José Alberto García VázquezKatia A. Figueroa-RodríguezJosafhat Salinas RuizJoel Velasco VelascoDora María Sangerman Jarquín
Copyright (c) 2023 José Alberto García Vázquez, Katia Angelica Figueroa Rodriguez, Josafhat Salinas Ruiz, Joel Velasco Velasco, Dora María Sangerman Jarquín
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2024-01-302024-01-3027110.56369/tsaes.5090ASSESSMENT OF TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION TRENDS IN KARGI, MAIKONA, DAKABARICHA AND SOLOLO WARDS OF MARSABIT COUNTY, KENYA
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/4810
<p><strong>Background.</strong> Climate change is a global phenomenon, with varying indicators and impacts from one region to another. The impacts of the changing climate are high in developing countries that are mainly dependent on climate-driven economic sectors such as pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihoods. <strong>Objective.</strong> Analyze the temporal trend, the variability in temperature and precipitation, and the relationship between both parameters to determine the influence of the El Niño phenomenon in Marsabit County, Kenya, from 1981 to 2021. <strong>Methodology.</strong> Daily rainfall and temperature data for the four study locations (Maikona, Kargi, Dakabaricha, and Sololo) were obtained. The analysis of extremes was the main method used in the analysis of the temporal and spatial variability of rainfall and temperature to establish the frequency and magnitude of climate variability in the study area. The seasonal mean plus or minus 1 Standard deviation for the entire period of study was used in the analysis of extremes. <strong>Results.</strong> Findings from trend analysis showed that rainfall trends have significantly increased in Marsabit County. Further, results on seasonal trends and variability of rainfall showed that March-April-May rainfall has been decreasing over the years. Below average rainfall has been experienced in Maikona in 2000 and 2011 with a magnitude of -42.9 mm, and -39.3 mm, respectively, while below average rainfall has been experienced in Kargi in 2000, 2009, 2011, and 2012 with a magnitude of -41.7 mm, -24.2 mm, -35.3 mm, and -34.3 mm, respectively. Analysis of the temperature trends and variability showed that both night and day temperatures have significantly increased over the years in Marsabit County. The magnitude of warming was found to be double that of cooling. The regression analysis further showed that there exists a negative correlation between temperatures and rainfall, implying that generally, rainfall decreases with increasing temperatures. <strong>Implications.</strong> This finding is important because it could help policymakers and people working on development in Marsabit County see what temperature and precipitation changes are happening locally. This could help them plan for climate change better. Both pastoral and agro-pastoral areas have been affected by both El Niño and La Niña activities, with the El Niño years recording the highest amounts of rainfall while the La Niña years recording the lowest amounts. <strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>s</strong><strong>.</strong> This study recommends the use of rainwater harvesting during the October to December Season to take advantage of the increasing Trends and flood episodes associated with high magnitudes and frequencies of above average rainfall and use the same to cope with reduced rainfall in the March to May season. </p>Armara Macimiliam GalwabOscar K. KoechOliver V. WasongaGodfrey Kironchi
Copyright (c) 2023 Armara Macimiliam Galwab
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2023-11-132023-11-1327110.56369/tsaes.4810SUSTAINABILITY INDEX OF THE POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.) PRODUCTION AGROECOSYSTEM IN CUTERVO, PERU
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/4934
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Potato cultivation in the northern highlands of Peru has intensified due to the high demand of the national market for the nutritional quality of this tuber, however, the conventional system presents critical points in social, economic and environmental terms that limit the profitability of the cultivation, being relevant the identification of these critical points to carry out the intervention and propose strategies to improve said agricultural system. <strong>Objective:</strong> Determine the sustainability index of potato producing farms in the province of Cutervo, Cajamarca, Peru. <strong>Methodology:</strong> 165 questionnaires with structured questions were applied to farmers whose main activity is potato cultivation. Multiple correspondence analysis was used to determine the reliability of these surveys. The values of the economic, social and environmental indicators were found through multidimensional analysis and an ordinal scale from 1 to 5, in which "1" was considered the least sustainable and "5" as a maximum level of sustainability. <strong>Results:</strong> The analysis of internal consistency of data for the 14 indicators and 24 sub-indicators presented Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.977 and 0.968 respectively, indicating high reliability and acceptable internal consistency of the evaluated indicators and therefore, the questionnaire presents high reliability. Likewise, the sustainable analysis of the potato agroecosystem in Cutervo reported that the farms are socially and environmentally sustainable, with indexes of 3.39 and 3.11, respectively, while the economic dimension presented critical conditions with a value below the minimum sustainable threshold (2.93) being the critical points: "percentage that causes the incidence of pests and diseases in potatoes", "number of marketing channels", "dependence on external inputs", "application of organic matter", "internal conservation”, “situ of native varieties”, “degree of damage from the use of pesticides” and “use of pesticides”. Regarding the general sustainability index, the potato agroecosystem is not sustainable. <strong>Implications:</strong> Potato producers in the mountains need to reduce environmental impact and increase productivity and profitability.<strong> Conclusion: </strong>The sustainability index of the potato agroecosystem in Cutervo, Peru, reported that the social and environmental dimensions exceeded the critical conditions while the economic dimension presented values below the minimum threshold of sustainability, resulting that the potato production system is not sustainable. Therefore, it is necessary to intervene in the sub-indicators that presented critical points and thus establish strategies to improve the potato agroecosystem in the northern highlands of Peru.</p>Roberto Hugo Tirado MalaverRoberto Tirado-LaraJuan Mendoza-CortezNayla Fabian-AnastacioRonald Tirado-MalaverAngel Campos-Julca
Copyright (c) 2023 Roberto Hugo Tirado Malaver
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2023-12-272023-12-2727110.56369/tsaes.4934PRODUCTIVE RESPONSE OF LACTATING DUAL-PURPOSE COWS GRAZING IN AN AGROSILVOPASTORAL SYSTEM DURING THE DRY SEASON SUPPLEMENTED WITH LOW LEVELS OF CRUDE PROTEIN
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/4588
<p><strong>Background. </strong>Cattle production in tropical regions of Mexico is in dual-purpose farms (DP) on unintended agrosilvopastoral systems (ASPS) with pastures dominated by tropical grasses with scattered shrubs and trees. During the dry season due to the forage diminished nutritional value and availability most farmers supplement their cattle to sustain milk production and weight gains of calves, without taking into consideration the wide variety of forages available in grazing lands to decide the composition of supplements offered to their cattle. <strong>Objective/hypothesis. </strong>The objective of the study was to determine the effect of low levels of crude protein (CP) content in supplements (S10 = 100, S11 = 110 and S12 = 120 g CP/kg of DM) on the performance of lactating Brown Swiss (BS) cows on an ASPS during the dry season. We hypothesize that low levels of CP in supplements of lactating grazing cows on an agrosilvopastoral system during the dry season would not affect animal performance. <strong>Methodology. </strong>The study was carried out in the dry season (March to June of 2012), in a commercial DP in the State of Mexico. Eighteen multiparous BS cows and their calves were used in the study, randomly allocated to three groups (six cows/group), to receive one of three supplements (4.5 kg DM/cow/day), consisting of 100, 110 or 120 g/kg DM of crude protein (CP) S10, S11 and S12, respectively. Data were analysed as a complete random experimental design with a mixed model. <strong>Results. </strong>There were no significant differences in most of the animal performance variables (P > 0.05), except for fat protein corrected milk (FPCM) where S12 (6.4) was significantly higher than S10 and S11 (4.7 and 4.5 kg/day, respectively). Milk protein yields (kg/day) significantly increased as the CP level increased in supplements. High levels of milk urea nitrogen (MUN) were detected (mean 14.0 mg/dL). <strong>Implications. </strong>In similar DP farms where cattle have access to other sources of forages like shrubs and trees, it is possible to reduce the CP content of supplements and to increase the efficiency of utilization of those alternative forages as well as a reduction in supplementation costs. <strong>Conclusion. </strong>There were no significant differences in the performance of BS cows grazing on an ASPS during the dry season receiving supplements with low crude protein levels. When correcting to fat-protein milk yields a significant difference was found in favour of supplement with 120 g CP/kg of DM.<strong></strong></p>Benito Albarran PortilloIsela Salas-ReyesCarlos Manuel Arriaga-JordánAnastacio García-Martínez
Copyright (c) 2023 Benito Albarran Portillo, Isela Salas-Reyes, Carlos Manuel Arriaga-Jordán, Anastacio García-Martínez
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2023-11-072023-11-0727110.56369/tsaes.4588OVEREXPRESSION OF WUSCHEL IMPROVES THE INDUCTION OF EMBRYOGENIC CALLUS IN SCALPS OF MUSA ACUMINATA L. AAA, CV. “GRAND NAIN”
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/4751
<p><strong>Background:</strong> During the last few years the home box transcription factor <em>WUSCHEL</em> (WUS) has been shown to cause dedifferentiation when expressed on somatic cells followed by a production of new stem cells that can lead to somatic embryogenesis or organogenesis. <em>WUS</em> has been shown to promote the transition from a vegetative to an embryogenic state when overexpressed. <strong>Objective/Hypothesis</strong>. The genetic <em>in vitro</em> transformation of meristematic tissue of <em>Musa acuminata L. AAA, cv. “Grand Nain” </em>was carried out using a heterologous gene <em>WUSCHEL</em> from <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>, via vacuum infiltration with <em>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</em>, to establish and ascertain if its expression modifies the progression of the explants to the embryogenesis process and or reduces the time needed for <em>in vitro</em> embryogenic induction phase<em>. <strong>Methodology</strong>: Explants of </em>proliferating shoot meristems<em>, named “scalps”, of Musa acuminata L. AAA, cv. “Grand Nain” was transformed with WUS gene under the control of promoter GAL4, inducible by 17</em><em>b</em><em>-estradiol. The effect of steroid 17</em><em>b</em><em>-estradiol (</em><em>b-E</em><em>st) and homobrassinolide (HomoBra) on the in vitro somatic embryogenesis induction phase of non-transformed banana scalps was investigated. <strong>Results</strong>: The successful transformation of the explants was confirmed by PCR, for the transferred neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) and the WUS gene. In addition, the expression of the red fluorescent protein (RFP) for the corresponding transferred reporter gene was verified by fluorescence microscopy in proliferated transformed tissues. Besides, the transformed tissue response to the induction of embryogenesis with either </em><em>b-E</em><em>st and/or HomoBra, inducers of the transgene were investigated. <strong>Implications:</strong> The improvement of the process of somatic embryogenesis in this way, generates a more effective and productive study model in a short time.</em> <strong>Conclusions:</strong> <em>WUS can promote the meristematic tissue-to-embryonic transition, and eventually somatic embryo formation, suggesting that the homeodomain protein can play a critical role during embryogenesis.</em><em></em></p>Ana Ly Arroyo HerreraAngela Kú GonzálezRosa María Escobedo Gracia-MedranoSuemy Terezita Echeverria EcheverriaMiguel Angel Herrera AlamilloLuis Joel Figueroa YañezEnrique CastañoLuis Carlos Rodríguez Zapata
Copyright (c) 2023 Miguel Angel Herrera Alamillo, ANA LY ARROYO HERRERA, ANGELA KÚ GONZÁLEZ, ROSA ESCOBEDO.GRACIA.MEDRANO, SUEMY TEREZITA ECHEVERRIA ECHEVERRIA, LUIS FIGUEROA YAÑEZ, ENRIQUE CASTAÑO, LUIS CARLOS RODRÍGUEZ ZAPATA
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2023-11-072023-11-0727110.56369/tsaes.4751RESPONSE OF THREE FAST-GROWING TIMBER SPECIES TO DIFFERENT BIOCLIMATES IN ECUADOR
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/4882
<p><strong>Background:</strong> The timber sector in Ecuador holds promising potential for growth and development. The intensive utilization of native taxa has depleted their genetic species pool, making them increasingly scarce in meeting the rising demand for wood. Consequently, there has been a growing exploration of new fast-growing forest species to serve as alternatives for lumber and biomass production. <strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the suitability of Andean bioclimatic conditions for the introduction of three tree species: <em>Paulownia elongata, P. fortunei</em>, and the hybrid <em>P. elongata x P. fortunei</em>. This work primarily focused in investigating whether plant density impacts the initial growth of individual tree growth and whether there is a co-dependence between site conditions and plant density in each of the three species. <strong>Methodology:</strong> The National Autonomous Institute of Farming Research (INIAP) imported 3000 seedlings, each about 10cm tall, of <em>Paulownia e</em>longata, <em>Paulownia fortunei</em>, and the hybrid <em>Paulownia elongata</em> x <em>Paulownia fortunei</em> from the World Paulownia Institute of Georgia - USA. Four experimental sites were selected in two regions of Ecuador: humid tropics (Quevedo and Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas), dry sub-peak (el Almendral) and Andes (Riobamba), each site is located at different altitudes. At each site, the experiment was set up in a spatial split-plot arrangement with randomized complete blocks. Three blocks were established, two planting frames (3x3 m and 4x4 m) and the three selected <em>Paulownia</em> species. The three blocks were laid off randomly in each experiment. The two planting frames were randomly placed within each block, and the three species were randomly planted within each planting frame. The experimental subjects (plant species) consisted of nine individuals. <strong>Results:</strong> Plants with higher height and diameter are located in areas with lower elevation, with hybrid Paulownia displaying better performance in high densities. All species showed a survival rate above 85% one-year post-establishment. However, the lowest survival is found in areas above 2000 m. <strong>Implications:</strong> High elevations restrict the individual growth of Paulownia in Andean conditions, but low altitudes enhance it. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The three specimens performed reasonably well during one-year post-establishment. However, it is necessary to continue observing their growth until they reach their asymptotic point, determining their volumetric yield.</p>Roy Vera-VelezJorge Grijalva-OlmedoRaúl Ramos-VeintimillaFranklin Sigcha-MoralesRicardo Limongi-Andrade
Copyright (c) 2023 Raúl Armando Ramos Veintimilla, Roy Vera-Velez, Jorge Grijalva-Olmedo, Raúl Ramos-Veintimilla, Franklin Sigcha-Morales, Ricardo Limongi-Andrade
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2023-11-072023-11-0727110.56369/tsaes.4882MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF Ardisia compressa Kunth FROM NORTHEAST OF CHIAPAS, MEXICO
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/5004
<p><strong>Background</strong>. <em>Ardisia compressa </em>Kunth, is a wild species native from tropical evergreen forests of Mexico, it produces fruits with phytochemical, ecological and dietary potencial. Its fruits are appreciated by people from local communities. However, in Mexico there are no studies that allow knowing the state of its phenotypic diversity. <strong>Objective.</strong> Characterize the morphological diversity of <em>A. compressa</em> populations from Chiapas state, Mexico. <strong>Methodology</strong>. Ninety individuals of nine wild populations of <em>A. compressa </em>were evaluated using 45 morphological traits (16 qualitative and 29 quantitative). The qualitative data were subjected to descriptive analysis and quantitative data were used in an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and finally the qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed simultaneously by means of a multivariate analysis with the Ward-MLM Method. <strong>Results. </strong>The qualitative traits showed phenotypic variability in the characteristics of leaf and fruit color. The quantitative data showed significant differences (<em>P</em>≤ 0.05) in all traits evaluated. The results of the principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (UPGMA) grouped the populations into three morphological groups differentiated by the similarity of the morphological traits of the populations and not by their geographical origin. <strong>Implications.</strong> The results in this study should be considered to implementing strategies of plant production and conservation of <em>A. compressa</em>. <strong>Conclusion. </strong>A wide phenotypic variability was found organized into three morphological groups defined base on characteristics of tree height, number of fruits, number of flowers and ratio of length to thickness leaf. The quantitative traits allowed us to observe the greatest morphological variability in the populations of <em>A. compressa</em>. </p>Jesús Rigoberto Molina MaldonadoRubén Humberto Andueza NohEsaú Ruíz SánchezRene GarruñaFederico Antonio Gutiérrez MiceliLuis Filipe da Conceiςão-Dos Santos
Copyright (c) 2023 Jesús Rigoberto Molina Maldonado, Rubén Humberto Andueza Noh, Esaú Ruíz Sánchez, Rene Garruña, Federico Antonio Gutiérrez Miceli, Luis Filipe da Conceiςão-Dos Santos
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2023-11-072023-11-0727110.56369/tsaes.5004APPLICATION OF TWO LEVELS OF CALCIUM NITRATE ON SAP NUTRIENTS, GROWTH AND YIELD OF PERSIAN CUCUMBER
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/4868
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Calcium nitrate is a widely used fertilizer in the preparation of nutrient solutions. However, there is still a need to determine the effects of different levels of calcium nitrate on the Persian cucumber crop to optimize fertilization practices and improve crop yield. <strong>Objective:</strong> To determine the effects of two levels of calcium nitrate in the nutrient solution on the growth, yield, and nutrient content of two Persian cucumber hybrids (Bereket and Cruz). <strong>Methodology:</strong> The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement (two hybrids and two nutrient solutions) under greenhouse conditions. <strong>Results:</strong> The nutrient solution with 11 meq L<sup>-1</sup> of calcium nitrate increased the concentration of nitrate and calcium in the petiole sap of the Cruz hybrid in the flowering stage; however, the yield of both hybrids decreased. On the other hand, the nutrient solution with 9 meq L<sup>-1</sup> of calcium nitrate increased the number of fruits of both hybrids and the yield per plant of the Cruz hybrid. <strong>Implications:</strong> The Cruz hybrid showed to be more efficient in calcium uptake than the Bereket hybrid, which is interesting since it could require less calcium application without affecting yield. However, other studies are necessary to expand this information. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The nutrient solution containing 9 meq L<sup>-1</sup> of calcium nitrate showed a significant increase in the number of fruits per plant for both the Cruz and Bereket hybrids. This highlights the importance of appropriate calcium nitrate supplementation in the nutrient solution, as it enhances the production of hydroponically grown Persian cucumbers. </p>Itamar Chareo-BenítezJosé Antonio Yam-TzecAna Rosa Ramírez-SeañezJosé Orbelin Gutiérrez-HernándezHipólito Hernández-Hernández
Copyright (c) 2023 Hipólito Hernández-Hernández
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2023-11-072023-11-0727110.56369/tsaes.4868DOUM PALM (Hyphaene thebaica) SEED MEAL AS A NOVEL FEEDSTUFF FOR BROILER CHICKENS: EFFECT ON GROWTH RESPONSE
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/4547
<p><strong>Background. </strong>High cost of feed ingredients and increased demand for broiler chicken in many African countries has necessitated the search for alternative feed sources. <strong>Objective.</strong> To evaluate the effects of <em>H</em><em>yphaene thebaica</em> seed meal (HTSM) as substitute for maize on growth and blood parameters of broiler chickens. <strong>Methodology</strong><strong>. </strong>Five experimental diets were formulated for the trial. Diet 1 (0% HTSM) served as the control while diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 contained 5, 10, 15 and 20% HTSM respectively replacing dietary maize in the diets of birds. A total of 225 day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted into five treatment groups with three replicates of fifteen birds each. Each group was assigned to the five experimental diets in completely randomized design (CRD). Feed and water were supplied <em>ad libitum </em>for all treatment groups during the trial. <strong>Result.</strong> Differences (P<0.05) were observed in the growth parameters measured except average daily feed intake (P>0.05). Feed conversion ratio and average daily weight gain of birds fed 0, 5 and 10% HTSM diets were better (P<0.05) compared to those fed 15 and 20 % HTSM diets. Differences (P<0.05) were also observed in the blood parameters measured except the packed cell volume (29.08- 31.89%) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (14.69-15.67pg). The white blood cell (11.45-18.14 x 10<sup>9</sup>/l), red blood cell (4.71-6.99 x 10<sup>12</sup>/l), haemoglobin (6.92-10.05g/dl) and aspartate transaminase (72.95-90.16 IU/l), alanine aminotransaminase (62.84-79.50 IUu/l) and alkaline phosphatase (100.26-108.77 IU/l) increased (P<0.05) as the dietary levels of HTSM increased across the treatments. Carcass and organ weights of birds fed 0, 5 and 10% HTSM diets were better (P<0.05) than those fed 15 and 20% HTSM diets. <strong>Implication. </strong>Adequate processing of the HTSM is needed to reduce the anti-nutritional factors to a tolerable level before being used in broiler diet.<strong> C</strong><strong>onclusion.</strong> Broiler chickens can tolerate up to 10% raw HTSM in their diets without adverse effect on growth performance. </p>O. John MakindeAminu MaidalaI. Amaza BaguduAkeem B. SikiruOkunale S. AdewaleEniwaiye A. AdetutuEmmanuel OpoolaO. Solomon AjideA. Johnson Ajibade
Copyright (c) 2023 John Mak
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2023-11-132023-11-1327110.56369/tsaes.4547FOLIAR APPLICATION OF MICRONUTRIENTS PROMOTES GROWTH AND YIELD-RELATED ATTRIBUTES OF OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) IN A SLIGHTLY SALINIZED AREA
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/4238
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Micronutrients are required in trace amounts, but are importantly associated with plant growth and development. While soil salinity causes a frequent micronutrient deficiency in soil, the condition withholds plant growth, development, and eventually crop production. Since foliar application of micronutrient provides rapid nutrient absorption compared to soil amendments, it may confer straightforward mitigation of salinity stress. However, micronutrients availability to plants under saline conditions has drawn limited attention. <strong>Objective</strong>: To study the role of four micronutrients namely boron (B), zinc (Zn), chlorine (Cl), and silicon (Si) as well as their combinations as foliar application on growth, development, and yield responses of ‘okra cv. Nulok F<sub>1</sub>’ in a naturally very slightly salinized soil. <strong>Methodology:</strong> The research site belongs to Young Meghna Estuarine Flood Plain under the soil of Agro-ecological Zones (AEZ)-18. The area of EC dsm<sup>-1 </sup>2.39 is used for the cultivation of horticultural and cereal crops. The one-factor experiment was designed in a randomized complete block design with three replications and six treatments. The factor having six different micronutrients and their combinations under saline soil <em>viz</em>. T<sub>1 </sub>= control (untreated), T<sub>2</sub> = 0.2 % B as solubor<sup>®</sup>, T<sub>3</sub> = 0.2 % ZnSO<sub>4</sub>, T<sub>4</sub> = 0.2 % KCl, T<sub>5</sub> = 0.2% SiO<sub>2</sub>, and T<sub>6</sub> = 0.2% solubor<sup>®</sup> B + 0.2% ZnSO<sub>4</sub> + 0.2% SiO<sub>2</sub> + 0.2% KCl. <strong>Result</strong>: A number of foliar treatments of micronutrients substantially improved plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, depth of root, fruit length, number of fruits, single fruit weight, yield plot<sup>-1</sup>, and total yield. <strong>Implication:</strong> Among the treatments, Si, and a mixture of solubor<sup>® </sup>B, Zn, Cl, and Si significantly uphold growth and yield-related attributes of okra indicating them as suitable micronutrients for okra production in salt-affected areas. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The foliar application of Si and the mixtures of the four aforementioned micronutrients might enhance the growth and yield attributes of ‘okra cv. Nulok F<sub>1</sub>’ under salinity stress. </p>Md. Mostafijur RahmanAkhinur ShilaKawsar HossenRayhan AhmedKazi Ishrat AnjumSabia KhanMohammed Nuruzzaman
Copyright (c) 2023 Mohammed Nuruzzaman, Md. Mostafijur Rahman1, Akhinur Shila, Kawser Hossen, Rayhan Ahmed, Kazi Ishrat Anjum, Sabia Khan
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2023-12-272023-12-2727110.56369/tsaes.4238ALTERNATIVES PRODUCTS IN THE IN VITRO DISINFESTATION IN ROOTSTOCK EXPLANTS DUKE-7 AND IDENTIFICATION OF ENDOPHYTE MICROORGANISMS
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/5005
<p><strong>Background. </strong>The vegetative material for <em>in vitro</em> establishment of avocado explants is from the field, for this reason, the proportion of contamination, oxidation and mortality of explants is elevated, therefore we are looking for alternatives to decreased. <strong>Objective. </strong>To evaluate concentrations of alternative products for disinfestation in avocado explants cv Duke 7, and decrease oxidation with the addition of L-cysteine in the <em>in vitro</em> establishment. <strong>Methodology. </strong>The products used were: peroxyacetic acid (AP), chlorine dioxide (DC), and quaternary ammonium salts (ACS), in three concentrations. 54 explants were used in each treatment, and placed in culture medium for establishment, evaluating contamination (%) and oxidation (%). Two weeks later, 50% of viable explants from each treatment were immersed in L-cysteine (100 mgL<sup>-1</sup>) and placed in a culture medium for multiplication, the rest was placed a in multiplication medium containing L-cysteine; only oxidation was evaluated (%). Contaminated explants were isolated, identified, and characterized fungi and bacteria. <strong>Results. </strong>The best results of the disinfestation were with ACS with 3.7% contamination, without oxidation. Regarding the use of L-cysteine (100 mgL<sup>-1</sup>), the lowest percentage of oxidation (47%) was obtained when immersed in a cysteine solution. Three genera of fungi were identified: <em>Aspergillus</em> (3), <em>Penicillium</em> (1) and <em>Cladosporium</em> (1), and <em>Agrobacterium</em> as a bacterium. <strong>Implications. </strong>With the proposed methodology, we can continue with the following stages of <em>in vitro</em> culture, to establish methodologies for budding, growth, and rooting of avocado clonal rootstocks. <strong>Conclusions</strong>. The use of ACS and cysteine in solution reduces both contamination and oxidation of explants, but it is necessary to modify concentrations and exposure times in the disinfestation protocol, in addition to identifying even the genus the microorganisms found.</p>Sandra Luz Castro GaribayAngel Villegas MonterGabriel Alejandro Hernández NavaCoral Mendoza RamosMercedes Martínez VillagómezClaudia Reyes QuirozSergio Aranda Ocampo
Copyright (c) 2023 Sandra Luz Castro Garibay, Angel Villegas Monter, Gabriel Alejandro Hernández Nava, Coral Mendoza Ramos, Mercedes Martínez Villagómez, Claudia Reyes Quiroz, Sergio Aranda Ocampo
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2023-12-272023-12-2727110.56369/tsaes.5005FOREST LITTER PRODUCTION VARIES WITH SEASON AND ELEVATION GRADIENT IN CHIAPAS, MEXICO
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/5053
<p><strong>Background.</strong> Forest litterfall is a fundamental process of ecosystem nutrient cycling, also, it is a source of energy for the development and propagation of wildfire. Understanding the temporal dynamics of litter production and storage is critical for sustainable management and conservation of forest ecosystems. <strong>Objective. </strong>To quantify<strong> </strong>the monthly production and storage of forest litter in an elevation gradient. <strong>Methodology.</strong> We selected forest sites at three elevations: 670, 775, and 1010 masl, corresponding to pine, oak, and tropical lowland forest ecosystems in Nambiyugua hill, Chiapas, Mexico. Sixteen sampling sites with a radius of 11.28 m were established for tree measurements, and 48 litter traps of 0.50 m<sup>2 </sup>were installed to collect monthly litterfall for a year. To sample ground litter eight 30 by 30 cm<sup>2</sup> quadrats were used in each site. The fallen woody material was measured with the planar intersection method. Litter samples were oven-dried at 60 °C for 72 h and separated into leaves and other plant parts. One-way ANOVA was used to test the significant differences between forests.<strong> Results.</strong> The highest total loads of litter and fallen woody material were obtained in the pine forests of upper elevation with 29.01 t ha<sup>-1</sup>. The highest litter production was obtained in January and April, with a mean of 1.34 ± 0.19 and 0.74 ± 0.13 t ha<sup>-1</sup> respectively in pine forests. In the oak forest, the highest production occurred in March, with 1.08 ± 0.25 t ha<sup>-1</sup>; while the lowland forest reached the highest production in January with 0.85 ± 0.26 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, with a decreasing trend in June. <strong>Implications.</strong> Understanding the seasonal variability in litter production and forest fuel loads is crucial for forest productivity, carbon sequestration, and wildfire prevention <strong>Conclusions.</strong> The production of forest fuels was different among the ecosystems representing the elevation gradients. The highest monthly production of litter was registered during the January-May period for the pine and oak ecosystems but in November - January in tropical lowland forests.</p>Roldan Ruiz-CorzoDeb Raj AryalAndrea Venegas-SandovalEmmanuel Díaz-NigendaCarlos A. Velazquez-Sanabria
Copyright (c) 2023 Roldan Ruiz-Corzo, Deb Raj Aryal, Andrea Venegas-Sandoval, Emmanuel Díaz-Nigenda, Carlos A. Velazquez-Sanabria
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2023-12-272023-12-2727110.56369/tsaes.5053EQUATIONS FOR BODY WEIGHT ADJUSTMENTS IN BLACK BELLY EWE LAMBS
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/5054
<p><strong>Background. </strong>As body weight (BW) is rarely determined on fasted animals in most production systems, the need to develop accurate mathematical models for adjusting BW has been identified. <strong>Objective.</strong> To evaluate models for estimating shrunk body weight (SBW) and empty body weight (EBW) in Black Belly growing ewe lambs raised in tropical conditions. <strong>Methodology.</strong> Data of sixty Black Belly ewe lambs, between four to eight months of age with a mean BW of 26.55± 3.92 kg (± SD) were used. The SBW was estimated based on the BW without fasting (fed) and the EBW based on SBW through three models: 1. Linear; 2.-Linear without intercept and 3.- Exponential. The predictive capacity of the models was evaluated by cross-validation. <strong>Results. </strong>The correlation coefficients between BW and SBW and SB and EBW were high (r = 0.94; <0.0001). The coefficients of determination (r<sup>2</sup>) for the equations between BW and SBW were 0.89 (P<0.001); and 0.86 (P<0.001) for the relationship between SBW and EBW. Based on the AIC (26.81) Eq. 2 described the relationship between BW and SBW better than Eq. 1, (AIC = 28.44) and Eq. 3 (AIC =28.35). The final model to estimate SBW as a function of BW was: SBW (kg): 0.96 (±0.001***) × BW. With respect to the SBW and EBW ratio, Equation 5, was better than the linear Eq. 4, (AIC = 33.01) and Eq. 6 (AIC = 33.35). The following model was: EBW (kg): 0.81 (± 0.06***) × SBW. The cross-validation of the equation of the relationship between BW and SBW showed that Eq. 1 had a higher r2 (0.87), and lower RMSEP and MAE than Eq. 2 and Eq. 3. Also, the equation of the relationship between SBW and EBW the cross-validation revealed that Eqs. 4 and 6 had the higher <sup>r2</sup> (0.82), and lower RMSEP and MAE and tended to be more accurate than Eq. 5. <strong>Implications. </strong>The results obtained in present study contributes to the development of mathematical models for more accurate body weight adjustments in tropical sheep. <strong>Conclusion. </strong>The equations developed and evaluated in the present study revealed that the linear relationship between BW and SBW, and the linear and exponential relationship between SBW and EBW can be used to body weight adjustments in growing Black Belly ewe lambs. It's worth noting that this confirms that the SBW can be calculated using an adjustment factor of 0.96 FBW.</p>Samuel Vázquez-JiménezDaniel Vidal-RamírezRosario Salazar-CuytunIgnacio Vázquez-MartínezEnrique Camacho-PérezAntonio Leandro Chaves GurgelGermani Adrián Muñoz-OsorioAlfonso Juventino Chay Canul
Copyright (c) 2023 Alfonso Juventino Chay Canul
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2023-12-272023-12-2727110.56369/tsaes.5054CARBON STORAGE IN TREE BIOMASS AND SOILS IN SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEMS OF THE HUMID TROPICS
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/5055
<p><strong>Background:</strong> The transformation native of forests into pasturelands for livestock farming, affects ecosystems carbon (C) stores and soil properties. <strong>Objective: </strong>Estimate the carbon stored in tree biomass (above and below ground) and determine soil organic carbon and some physical and chemical properties in two silvopastoral systems (SPS): scattered trees in paddocks (STP) and living fences (LF), taking grass monoculture (PM) as reference. <strong>Methodology: </strong>The C content in the above and below-ground biomass of the trees was estimated through allometric models, the C fraction of the soil from 0-100 cm was determined by chemical digestion, and the soil organic carbon (SOC) stock was estimated. The physical and chemical properties of the soil were determined.<strong> Results: </strong>SSPs with STP and LF stored a greater amount of total C<strong> </strong>(387.0 and 362.6 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup> de C) compared to GM (312.5 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup> de C), tree biomass contributed 6.3% and 8.4% for STP and LF respectively. Soils stored 90% of the total C in STP and LF. The tree component favorably modified soil pH, the bulk density, the organic matter, carbon, and nitrogen content. <strong>Implications:</strong> This study contributes with scientific information useful to develop low-emission livestock systems for transition towards climate-smart farming systems essential to meet the Sustainable Development Goals. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tree diversity and density in STP ADP and LF play an important role in the storage of total C, favor C accumulation in the deeper layers of the soil and improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil.</p>C. A. De la Cruz-LópezG. Villanueva-LópezF. Casanova-LugoP. Martínez-ZurimendiD. R. Aryal
Copyright (c) 2023 Gilberto Villanueva-López
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2023-12-272023-12-2727110.56369/tsaes.5055DOSES OF BIOSTIMULANT AND PLANT SPACING IN CORRELATION WITH PRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS IN AGUAYMANTO (Physalis peruviana L.)
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/5058
<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aguaymanto has aroused great interest in both the national and international markets for its different uses: aesthetic, medicinal, nutritional and gastronomic. However, agronomic management strategies for this crop with commercial potential are unknown, resulting in low yields and profitability. <strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the effect of different doses of Biogen 1 biostimulant (Bg) and planting distances<strong> </strong>(PD) on the production and economic analysis of aguaymanto. <strong>Methodology:</strong> Two factors were evaluated: planting density and dose of biostimulant, resulting in 6 treatments: T1- control (250 ml Bg/200 L + 1m x 1m); T2 (250 ml Bg/200 L + 1.5m x1.5m); T3 (500 ml Bg/200 L + 1m x 1m); T4 (500 ml Bg/200 L + 1.5m x 1.5m); T5 (750 ml Bg/200 L + 1m x 1m) and T6 (750 ml Bg/ 200 L + 1.5m x 1.5m), using a randomized complete block design. The following production parameters were evaluated: number of fruits per plant-NFP, fruit weight-FW (g), fruit diameter-FD (cm), yield per plant-YPP (kg/plant), yield per hectare-YPHA (kg ha<sup>-1</sup>). <strong>Results: </strong>T6 had the best yields per plant; however, in the yield per hectare and in the economic analysis, T5 performed better. The correlation in NFP was positive on FD, YPP and YPHA; also, FW with respect to FD and YPP. FD was positively correlated with YPP. However, YPP presented a very weak correlation with YPHA.<strong> Implications: </strong>Proper use of biostimulants and planting distance increases crop yields. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The T6 treatment improved the parameters evaluated per plant, and T5 improved YPHA and the B/C ratio. This positive correlation indicates the directly proportional effect between the parameters</p>Ricardo Peña-CastilloManuel Neira OjedaJavier Javier-AlvaDiego Arévalo-ValladolidRoger Chanduvi-GarcíaDavid Lindo-SeminarioElvis VeraMariano Calero-MerinoMarco Quiroz-CalderónArturo Morales-Pizarro
Copyright (c) 2023 Ricardo Peña-Castillo, Manuel Neira Ojeda, Javier Javier-Alva, Diego Arévalo-Valladolid, Roger Chanduvi-García, David Lindo-Seminario, Elvis Vera, Mariano Calero-Merino, Arturo Morales
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2023-12-272023-12-2727110.56369/tsaes.5058ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY OF FORESTRY CONCESSIONS OF HUANUCO DEPARTMENT, PERU
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/5063
<p><strong>Background</strong>: Nowadays, recent concepts such as “forest sustainability” and “sustainable forest management” have been adopted by most countries in the world, in addition to sustainable development, because they consider continuous use of forests and their perpetual ecological integrity to satisfy the needs of current and future generations. In that sense, sustainability indicators can realistically estimate whether the management of the system is correct, which is why various governments and organizations have set a variety of local, national, and international criteria and indicators (C&I) to evaluate the sustainability of forest ecosystems. <strong>Objective</strong>: To create and validate indicators and determine the economic sustainability of forest concessions located in Huánuco department, Perú, applying multicriteria analysis based on the indicators. <strong>Methodology</strong>: Standardized indicators were defined as scales from 0 to 4, with the latest as the highest sustainability value. Afterward, they were weighted by multiplying them by a coefficient according to their importance related to sustainability. A forest concession is considered economically sustainable if its economic sustainability index (ISK) is ≥ 2. In view of this, a survey was applied to forest concessions managers and workers. The Chi-square non-parametric statistical test was used to determine if ISK exceeds the value 2 in 40% of forest concessions. On the other hand, Pearson correlation was used among indicators with 95% of confidence. <strong>Results</strong>: The Chi-square test proves that forest concessions which exploit forest resources mechanically (40% of the whole) are economically sustainable (X2 = 0.000, p-value = 1.000). Furthermore, it was found that the following indicators: “profit from the sale of wood” and “economic risk” are independent of each other (r = 0.091, p-value > 0.05). <strong>Implications</strong>: Finding out the economic sustainability of forest concessions will lead to design more solid forest policies in Huanuco, Peru. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Mechanical forest exploitation leads to economically sustainable productive processes and higher profitability. Finally, developing value added products make possibilities bigger for forest concessions to be economically sustainable.</p>Luis Alberto Valdivia EspinozaLuis Alberto Valdivia RuizAlberto Marcial Julca OtinianoCiro Ruiz AguilarTito Felipe Gonzalez Manrique de Lara
Copyright (c) 2023 Luis Alberto Valdivia Espinoza
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2023-12-272023-12-2727110.56369/tsaes.5063DEGRADABILITY in situ OF THE DRY MATTER OF Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray IN THREE SEASONS OF THE YEAR
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/4963
<p><strong>Background. </strong>Forage trees and shrubs are an alternative that improve dry matter intake and digestibility in ruminants, due to their high ruminal degradation rate, higher nitrogen contribution for rumen microorganisms, low percentage of neutral and acid detergent fiber.<strong> Objective</strong>. To estimate the availability, nutritional quality and degradability for <em>Tithonia</em> <em>diversifolia</em> (Hemsl.) A. Gray were estimated at different cutting age, in three seasons of the year. <strong>Metodology</strong>. Forage production and nutritional quality were measured every 14 d, from cutting to 84 d of age. Leaf and stem samples were taken to determine crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and the "<em>in situ</em>" degradability of dry leaf matter (DM). <strong>Results</strong>. Total DM production was similar in autumn and winter, and both were greater than for spring. In autumn, at 56 d and in winter at 70 d after cutting, DM production was 9 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, while in spring at 84 d it was close to 3 t ha<sup>-1</sup>. Crude protein content increased linearly with days after cutting. <strong>Implications.</strong> In autumn and winter, the highest percentages of NDF and ADF were observed. Plants at 42 d of regrowth had a lower percentage of ADF. <strong>Conclusions</strong>. The DM production and the nutritional quality of <em>T. diversifolia</em> differ according to the season of the year and the age of regrowth, at 42, 70 and 84 days of regrowth in autumn, winter and spring, respectively, under the agroecological conditions of the growing area. study, the best conditions for growth occur in Autumn. The DM degradability is similar between the ages of 42, 56 and 70 days of regrowth. However, harvesting plants at 42 days could sacrifice biomass yield at a very early age.</p>Vicky Tatiana Vargas VelazquezSilvia López OrtizEpigmenio Castillo GallegosPonciano Pérez HernándezCristino Cruz LazoJesús Jarillo-RodríguezCarlos Lucas-Leyva
Copyright (c) 2023 Vicky Tatiana Vargas Velazquez, Silvia López Ortiz, Epigmenio Castillo Gallegos, Ponciano Pérez Hernández, Cristino Cruz Lazo, Jesús Jarillo-Rodríguez
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2024-01-302024-01-3027110.56369/tsaes.4963WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT MODEL BASED ON REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT: CASE STUDY OF MAGETAN REGENCY, INDONESIA
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/5106
<p><strong>Background.</strong> The need for water in Magetan Regency, Indonesia, continues to increase along with regional development. <strong>Objective. </strong>To identify the condition of the water balance and water critical index in Magetan Regency; and forming a regional development-based water management model in Magetan Regency. <strong>Methodology. </strong>Formation of a water management model based on regional development, both demographically and regional economic development (agriculture, livestock, fisheries, industry, and tourism), and the environment (river and lake maintenance). This study uses water availability data from seven watersheds. The water management model uses a dynamic system model, with an analysis coverage throughout the Magetan Regency area. The annual water balance of Magetan Regency shows that the water balance and water critical index of Magetan Regency are in near critical condition. Integrated water management is needed to avoid critical water conditions in Magetan Regency in the future. <strong>Results. </strong>Based on the results of model simulations with the application of policy simulations, the water balance in Magetan Regency during the period 2016 to 2030 is still in a near critical condition, but critical water conditions only occur during the 2018-2020 period. <strong>Implications.</strong> Critical water conditions in the future can be avoided by implementing policy scenarios. The policy scenarios include: (1) reforestation, planting 500,000 tree seedlings each year, (2) maintenance of rivers and lakes twice a year, (3) construction of a reservoir with a capacity of 5000 m<sup>3</sup> each year. However, water availability is still fluctuating because the main factor for water availability is rainfall. <strong>Conclusion.</strong> the policy scenario is proven to be able to increase the availability of water in Magetan Regency.</p>Hartojo Budi PurwantoSunarto SunartoPrabang SetyonoMochamad Gamal RindarjonoAditya Arief RachmadhanMuchammad Bima Gegana SaktiAndian Hidayat
Copyright (c) 2023 Hartojo Budi Purwanto, Sunarto Sunarto, Prabang Setyono, Mochamad Gamal Rindarjono, Aditya Arief Rachmadhan, Muchammad Bima Gegana Sakti, Andian Hidayat
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2024-01-302024-01-3027110.56369/tsaes.5106ANALYSIS OF THE GROWTH OF SUGARCANE CULTIVARS THROUGH THE EVALUATION OF YIELD AND DRY MATTER
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/5129
<p><strong>Background:</strong> The production of aboveground biomass of sugarcane is mainly due to the interactions between edaphic, climatic, and genetic factors. Objective: To evaluate the growth of three sugarcane cultivars through the evaluation of yield and dry matter accumulation, during the template and soca cultivation cycles, in the supply area of the Santa Rosalía de la Chontalpa Sugar Mill. <strong>Methodology:</strong> In the supply area of the Santa Rosalia de la Chontalpa Sugar Mill (ISRCH), Tabasco, an experiment was established under rainfed conditions, during two cycles (plantilla and soca), with three cultivars (MEX69-290, MEX79-431 and CP72-2086), established in a eutric Fluvisol soil. In each plot, five observation sites of 30 x 30 m were set up, in which the production of stems and biomass was determined.<strong> Results:</strong> In the plant cycle, the cane yield at 450 days after sowing (DAS) followed the following order CP72-2086> MEX79-431> MEX69-290 with 144.73, 130.09 and 94.18 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. On the contrary, in ratoon 360 days after harvest (DAH), MEX69-290 presented higher stem yield. In ratoon cycle, the stems yield decreased 14.5, 30.9 and 32.5% for MEX69-290, MEX79-431 and CP72-2086, respectively, compared to the plant cycle. The maximum absolute growth rate reached by the evaluated cultivars was 187, 192 and 262 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> day<sup>-1</sup> at 210 DAS in the plant cycle and 193, 177 and 151 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> day<sup>-1</sup> at 180 DAH in ratoon cycle for MEX69-290, CP72-2086 and MEX79-431, respectively. <strong>Implications:</strong> This allows knowing the growth rate of sugarcane cultivation in the humid tropics. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The yield and harvest index of sugarcane varies with respect to the age of the crop (Cycle) and the cultivar.</p>José Izquierdo-HernándezSamuel Córdova-SánchezLuz del Carmen Lagunes-EspinozaDavid Jesus Palma-LópezJuan José Peña-Cabriales
Copyright (c) 2023 samuel Cordova Sanchez, José Izquierdo-Hernández, Luz del Carmen Lagunes-Espinoza, David Jesus Palma-López David, Juan Jose Peña-Cabriales
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2024-01-302024-01-3027110.56369/tsaes.5129IMPORTANCE OF INSTITUTIONAL NETWORKS IN THE DISSEMINATION OF SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES FOR LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN THE STATE OF YUCATAN, MEXICO
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/5138
<p><strong>Background:<em> </em></strong>Practices<em> </em>such<em> </em>as<em> </em>the<em> </em>establishment<em> </em>of<em> </em>monocultures,<em> </em>the<em> </em>use<em> </em>of<em> </em>herbicides<em> </em>and<em> </em>overgrazing<em> </em>in<em> </em>tropical<em> </em>cattle<em> </em>ranching<em> </em>have<em> </em>led<em> </em>to<em> </em>deforestation<em> </em>and<em> </em>soil<em> </em>degradation<em> </em>in<em> </em>extensive<em> </em>areas<em> </em>of<em> </em>natural<em> </em>vegetation,<em> </em>causing<em> </em>local<em> </em>and<em> </em>global<em> </em>environmental<em> </em>consequences.<em> </em>In<em> </em>the<em> </em>state<em> </em>of<em> </em>Yucatán,<em> </em>different<em> </em>actors<em> </em>have<em> </em>created<em> </em>initiatives<em> </em>to<em> </em>avoid<em> </em>these<em> </em>consequences<em> </em>through<em> </em>the<em> </em>design,<em> </em>dissemination<em> </em>and<em> </em>implementation<em> </em>of<em> </em>sustainable<em> </em>practices<em> </em>among<em> </em>cattle<em> </em>producers.<strong><em> </em>Objective:<em> </em></strong>This<em> </em>paper<em> </em>seeks<em> </em>to<em> </em>understand<em> </em>how<em> </em>the<em> </em>structure<em> </em>of<em> </em>institutional<em> </em>networks<em> </em>affects<em> </em>the<em> </em>dissemination<em> </em>of<em> </em>sustainable<em> </em>livestock<em> </em>practices<em> </em>for<em> </em>the<em> </em>management<em> </em>of<em> </em>water,<em> </em>soil,<em> </em>biodiversity,<em> </em>forage<em> </em>and<em> </em>animals,<em> </em>which<em> </em>favor<em> </em>a<em> </em>transition<em> </em>to<em> </em>sustainability<em> </em>for<em> </em>the<em> </em>livestock<em> </em>sector<em> </em>in<em> </em>Yucatan.<em> </em>As<em> </em>a<em> </em>case<em> </em>study,<em> </em>the<em> </em>project<em> </em>coordinated<em> </em>by<em> </em>the<em> </em>Universidad<em> </em>de<em> </em>Yucatan<em> </em>for<em> </em>the<em> </em>establishment<em> </em>of<em> </em>intensive<em> </em>silvopastoral<em> </em>systems<em> </em>(ISPS)<em> </em>is<em> </em>analyzed,<em> </em>particularly<em> </em>the<em> </em>scope<em> </em>of<em> </em>the<em> </em>project<em> </em>to<em> </em>transform<em> </em>the<em> </em>practices<em> </em>of<em> </em>livestock<em> </em>farmers<em> </em>in<em> </em>the<em> </em>state<em> </em>of<em> </em>Yucatan<em> </em>and<em> </em>the<em> </em>role<em> </em>played<em> </em>by<em> </em>institutions<em> </em>linked<em> </em>to<em> </em>livestock<em> </em>issues<em> </em>to<em> </em>promote<em> </em>or<em> </em>obstruct<em> </em>this<em> </em>transformation.<em> </em><strong>Methodology:</strong><em> </em>The<em> </em>research<em> </em>was<em> </em>carried<em> </em>out<em> </em>by<em> </em>means<em> </em>of<em> </em>interviews<em> </em>with<em> </em>actors<em> </em>identified<em> </em>by<em> </em>their<em> </em>position<em> </em>in<em> </em>the<em> </em>different<em> </em>institutions<em> </em>linked<em> </em>to<em> </em>cattle<em> </em>raising.<em> </em>The<em> </em>multilevel<em> </em>perspective<em> </em>(MLP)<em> </em>was<em> </em>used<em> </em>to<em> </em>classify<em> </em>the<em> </em>different<em> </em>actors<em> </em>involved<em> </em>in<em> </em>the<em> </em>categories<em> </em>of<em> </em>landscape,<em> </em>regime<em> </em>or<em> </em>niche,<em> </em>according<em> </em>to<em> </em>their<em> </em>institutional<em> </em>powers<em> </em>in<em> </em>cattle<em> </em>ranching<em> </em>issues.<em> </em>An<em> </em>institutional<em> </em>network<em> </em>analysis<em> </em>was<em> </em>also<em> </em>carried<em> </em>out<em> </em>and<em> </em>a<em> </em>computer<em> </em>simulation<em> </em>was<em> </em>run<em> </em>using<em> </em>a<em> </em>random<em> </em>walker<em> </em>to<em> </em>identify<em> </em>the<em> </em>most<em> </em>frequent<em> </em>routes<em> </em>and<em> </em>connections<em> </em>between<em> </em>nodes.<em> </em>The<em> </em>nodes<em> </em>of<em> </em>the<em> </em>network<em> </em>represent<em> </em>the<em> </em>institutions<em> </em>mentioned<em> </em>during<em> </em>the<em> </em>interviews.<em> </em><strong>Results:<em> </em></strong>Secretaría<em> </em>de<em> </em>Agricultura<em> </em>y<em> </em>Desarrollo<em> </em>Rural<em> </em>(SADER),<em> </em>Secretaría<em> </em>de<em> </em>Desarrollo<em> </em>Rural<em> </em>(SEDER),<em> </em>Universidad<em> </em>Autónoma<em> </em>de<em> </em>Yucatán<em> </em>(UADY),<em> </em>Unión<em> </em>Ganadera<em> </em>Regional<em> </em>General<em> </em>de<em> </em>Yucatán<em> </em>(UGRGY),<em> </em>Unión<em> </em>Ganadera<em> </em>Regional<em> </em>del<em> </em>Oriente<em> </em>de<em> </em>Yucatán<em> </em>(UGROY)<em> </em>as<em> </em>well<em> </em>as<em> </em>The<em> </em>Nature<em> </em>Conservancy<em> </em>(TNC).<em> </em><strong>Implications:</strong><em> </em>The<em> </em>statistical<em> </em>analysis<em> </em>shows<em> </em>little<em> </em>communication<em> </em>among<em> </em>nodes<em> </em>and<em> </em>the<em> </em>paths<em> </em>that<em> </em>allow<em> </em>the<em> </em>different<em> </em>actors<em> </em>to<em> </em>interact<em> </em>generally<em> </em>pass<em> </em>through<em> </em>a<em> </em>few<em> </em>of<em> </em>them<em> </em>with<em> </em>greater<em> </em>centrality.<em> </em><strong>Conclusion:<em> </em></strong>The<em> </em>faculties<em> </em>of<em> </em>each<em> </em>institution<em> </em>are<em> </em>designed<em> </em>for<em> </em>a<em> </em>vertical<em> </em>execution<em> </em>of<em> </em>public<em> </em>policies<em> </em>that<em> </em>leaves<em> </em>many<em> </em>actors<em> </em>without<em> </em>the<em> </em>possibility<em> </em>of<em> </em>participation<em> </em>particularly<em> </em>when<em> </em>existing<em> </em>programs<em> </em>have<em> </em>a<em> </em>short-term<em> </em>vision<em> </em>that<em> </em>hinders<em> </em>innovation<em> </em>and<em> </em>the<em> </em>achievement<em> </em>of<em> </em>a<em> </em>specific<em> </em>sustainability<em> </em>goal.</p>Eugenio EibenschutzFrancisco GalindoJesús Mario SiqueirosFrancisco Javier SolorioCarlos Alberto López
Copyright (c) 2023 Eugenio Eibenschutz
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2024-01-302024-01-3027110.56369/tsaes.5138GROWTH CURVES OF MALE GUINEA PIGS (Cavia porcellus) OF THE PERUVIAN BREED THROUGH NON-LINEAR MODELS IN COLOMBIA
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/5179
<p><strong>Background</strong>: Animal growth modeling is a tool that enables the acquisition of parameters to evaluate animal performance and predict outcomes for decision-making. <strong>Objective:</strong> To describe the growth of male guinea pigs of the Peruvian breed using the non-linear Brody, Gompertz, Logistic, and Von Bertalanffy models. <strong>Methodology</strong>: Twelve male guinea pigs with an initial weight of 393 ± 55 g were housed in metabolic cages with <em>ad libitum</em> feeding of a complete pellet diet. They were weighed every seven days for 13 weeks until reaching 1197 ± 84 g. Criteria used to assess the model's fitting ability included the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>), concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), and mean squared prediction error (CMEP). <strong>Results:</strong> The Logistic model consistently predicted maturity weight (1421g), initial weight (187g), age (65 days), and weight (711g) at the growth curve inflection point. Gompertz and Von Bertalanffy's models tended to overestimate adult weight (A) and exhibited the lowest maturity index (k). Among Gompertz, Logistic, and Von Bertalanffy models, AIC, BIC, R<sup>2</sup>, CCC, and CMEP fitting criteria showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). <strong>Implications:</strong> The Brody model was the only one with biologically inconsistent parameters. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Considering the biological significance of parameters and residual analysis, the Logistic model is more suitable for describing the growth curve of male guinea pigs of the Peruvian breed.<strong><em></em></strong></p>William Armando TapieLuis Miguel GiraldoSandra Lucía Posada-OchoaJaime Ricardo Rosero-Noguera
Copyright (c) 2023 William Armando Tapie
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2024-01-302024-01-3027110.56369/tsaes.5179SUITABILITY AREAS FOR Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus UNDER DIFFERENT CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS IN MEXICO
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/5207
<p><strong>Background.</strong> Climate change models have projected an increase in the distribution of certain crop pests of economic importance by forecasting more favorable future conditions for these organisms. In citrus farming, Huanglongbing is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide, since it has caused the death of millions of trees. <strong>Objetive.</strong> The objective of this study was to estimate the current and future distribution of <em>Candidatus </em>Liberibacter asiaticus in Mexico, under the climate change scenarios SSP2 4.5 and SSP5 8.5, for the years 2050 and 2070. <strong>Methodology.</strong> Distribution models were generated with MaxEnt and R, using uncorrelated bioclimatic variables from eight General Circulation Models (GCM) derived from CMIP6 and disease presence data. <strong>Results.</strong> The results indicate that the current suitability is 44.6 %. The future distribution depended on how model predictions were pooled. An optimistic approach that considered the intersection of all models showed a small reduction of 4.1% while, considering the union of all the GCM models, the increase will vary from 12.3 to 20.1 % of the Mexican territory depending on the particular scenario and time projection. <strong>Implications.</strong> The zones of potential occurrence of <em>Candidatus </em>Liberibacter asiaticus include most of the citrus-growing areas in Mexico. <strong>Conclusion. </strong>In some regions, future scenarios show a reduction in the potential occurrence of the species in citrus plantations. However, the risk remains because its surroundings include suitable areas that can be sources of dissemination of the disease. </p>Oliver Rodríguez-AguilarJose López-ColladoMonica de la Cruz Vargas-MendozaAlejandra Soto-EstradaClemente de Jesus Garcia-Avila
Copyright (c) 2023 Jose López-Collado
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2024-01-302024-01-3027110.56369/tsaes.5207EFFECT OF FERTILIZING WITH BIOSOLID ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR AND INCIDENCE OF PESTS IN CROPS OF CHILE X'CATIK (Capsicum annuum L.)
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/4749
<p><strong>Background.</strong> The use of biosolids in agriculture allows to supply essential nutrients for the plant development. <strong>Objective</strong>. To evaluate the effect of supplying swine biosolids on the physio-agronomic characteristics and incidence of pests in X'catik pepper. <strong>Methodology.</strong> The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions and set in a randomized block experimental design with four replicates. Three different levels of biosolids were evaluated (500, 750 and 1000 g plant<sup>-1</sup>) and the control (no supply of biosolid). <strong>Results.</strong> Plants treated with 750 g de biosólido had the highest net carbon assimilation rate (A<sub>N</sub>) and the lowest intracellular carbon (Ci), likewise, there was a trend of higher values for the yield components in this treatment. The population density of <em>B. tabaci</em> and the damage by <em>Poliphagotarsonemus latus</em> was similar among treatments. <strong>Implications.</strong> The use of swine biosolid in agriculture represent a feasible alternative to enhance the plant physiological condition and potentially the yield in horticultural crops. <strong>Conclusion</strong>. The supply of 750 g plant<sup>-1</sup> of swine biosolid improved the physiological parameters in the X'catik pepper plants, had no effect on pest damage, but showed a strong tendency to increase yield.</p>Fátima del R. Yam-HerreraEsau Ruiz SánchezSergio López-VázquezJuan Díaz-MayoIsmael Tucuch-HaasLuis Latournerie-MorenoÁngel Herrera-Gorocica
Copyright (c) 2023 Fátima del R. Yam-Herrera, Esau Ruiz Sánchez, Sergio López-Vázquez, Juan Díaz-Mayo, Ismael Tucuch-Haas, Luis Latournerie-Moreno, Ángel Herrera-Gorocica
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2023-11-072023-11-0727110.56369/tsaes.4749PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES ASSOCIATED WITH TREE TOMATO (Solanum betaceum Cav.) IN TLACOLULAN AND XALAPA, VERACRUZ, MEXICO
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/5095
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Tree tomato (<em>Solanum betaceum</em> Cav.) is a plant introduced to Mexico since colonial times, currently it is found as a crop in backyard orchards in the central mountainous region of Veracruz. Due to its nutraceutical properties, its cultivation is gaining importance worldwide and spreading. However, since there are no established formal crops in Mexico, there are no studies on the pests that may affect the development of this plant. <strong>Objective: </strong>To identify the plant-parasitic nematodes associated with the rhizospheric soil and root, as well as the determine their abundance in tree tomato plants, located in the Tlacolulan and Xalapa municipalities, in Veracruz state. <strong>Methodology:</strong> The nematodes were extracted from the soil and roots, fixed, clarified, mounted for identification at the genus level, and quantified. <strong>Results:</strong> 704 specimens belonging to 14 genera were identified: <em>Criconema, Criconemoides, Filenchus, Fraglenchus, Gracilacus, Helicotylenchus, Malenchus, Meloidogyne, Ogma, Paratylenchus, Pratylenchus, Pratylenchoides, Sakia, </em>and<em> Thada</em>. The most abundant nematodes were <em>Helicotylenchus</em> and <em>Meloidogyne.</em> <strong>Implications:</strong> Since in five samples we found <em>Meloidogyne</em> individuals, a diagnosis must be made prior to the establishment of new crops to avoid the increase in populations that can affect the performance of the plants. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> <em>Criconema, Filenchus, Fraglenchus, Malenchus, Ogma, Pratylenchoides, Sakia, </em>and<em> Thada</em> are recorded for the first time associated with this plant. </p>Gloria CarriónLorena Velasco-RodríguezDaniel López-Lima
Copyright (c) 2023 Gloria Carrión, Lorena Velasco-Rodríguez, Daniel López-Lima
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2023-11-072023-11-0727110.56369/tsaes.5095SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVES FOR THE CONTROL OF Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl IN MANGO
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/4839
<p><strong>Background</strong>: Peru is considered the third largest exporter of mango in the world and Piura is the first mango producing region representing 68% of the national production; however, the fungus <em>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</em> has been associated with dieback and the presence of cankers in mango cultivation, reducing fruit production and quality. <strong>Objective</strong>: To evaluate sustainable alternatives for <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> control of <em>L. theobromae</em> in mango, using products based on copper sulfate pentahydrate and a liquid biofertilizer. <strong>Methodology</strong>: Treatments were applied: T0 (Control), T1 (Vacun-Q organic 0.35 mL100 mL<sup>-1</sup>), T2 (Vacun-Q organic 0.175 mL 100 mL<sup>-1</sup>), T3 (Phyton 27® 0.35 mL100 mL<sup>-1</sup>), T4 (Phyton 27® 0.175 mL100 mL<sup>-1</sup>), T5 (Biol 10%) and T6 (Biol 20%). Radial growth and mycelial growth inhibition percentage (GIP) of the pathogen were evaluated in the <em>in vitro</em> phase with poisoned media, and necrotic area progression was assessed in the <em>in vivo </em>phase on mango leaves. <strong>Results</strong>: At 72 h after inoculation, treatments T3, T5 and T6 showed the lowest radial growth of <em>L. theobromae</em>, statistically equal to each other and inferior to the control that completed its development in the Petri dish; likewise, they showed 100% GIP. Five days after inoculation of mango leaves, T5 and T6 presented the smallest necrotic areas with 1.44 cm2 and 1.61 cm2 respectively, followed by T4 with 1.64 cm<sup>2</sup> and T2 with 1.69 cm<sup>2</sup> compared to the control with 2.05 cm<sup>2</sup>. <strong>Implications</strong>: In view of the constant restrictions of active molecules, sustainable and innocuous alternatives for humans and the environment are sought for the control of <em>L. theobromae</em>. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Treatments T5 and T6 based on liquid biofertilizers showed to be effective in the <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> control of <em>L. theobromae</em>.</p>Arturo Morales PizarroIsabel Neira RojasElizabeth Saavedra AlbercaKarla Zapatel SimeL.A ÁlvarezRicardo Peña-CastilloRené Aguilar-AnccotaMiguel Galecio-JulcaJavier Javier-Alva
Copyright (c) 2023 Arturo Morales Pizarro, Isabel Neira Rojas, Elizabeth Saavedra Alberca, Karla Zapatel Sime, L.A Álvarez, Ricardo Peña-Castillo, René Aguilar-Anccota, Miguel Galecio-Julca, Javier Javier-Alva
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2023-12-272023-12-2727110.56369/tsaes.4839CHALQUEÑO MAIZE (Zea mays L.) YIELD UNDER DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION SCHEMES IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF APAN, HIDALGO, MEXICO
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/5015
<p><strong>Background.</strong> In Mexico, corn is the most important crop, being an important input with food, economic, political, and social implications. However, intensive cultivation methods, based on chemical pesticides, monoculture and synthetic agrochemicals have caused a reduction in soil fertility and crop yields. An alternative, which can help restore soil fertility, increasing organic matter, moisture retention and the load of microorganisms, is mixed fertilizer. Stimulating, in addition, the defense systems of the plants and thus increasing the yield of the crops. <strong>Objective.</strong> To evaluate some fertilization schemes in Chalqueño maize plants through the measurement of some growth and yield variables. <strong>Methodology.</strong> A completely randomized block experimental design was established with three repetitions, where four fertilization schemes were evaluated (T1, control without fertilizer input; T2, chemical fertilizer; T3, organic fertilizer; and T4, chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer) during the crop years 2019-2020. <strong>Results.</strong> The analyzes showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) between the evaluated treatments and years of cultivation. Being the T4 treatment, the one that obtained the best grain yield for the years 2019 and 2020, with values of 5.11 ± 0.05<sup>b</sup> t ha<sup>-1</sup> and 6.57 ± 0.95<sup>a</sup> t ha<sup>-1</sup>, while the T1 treatment, recorded 1.59 ± 0.12<sup>f</sup> t ha<sup>-1</sup> and 2.15 ± 0.38<sup>e</sup> t ha<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. <strong>Implications.</strong> With the information generated, it will be possible to implement the best fertilization scheme that provides the corn plants with all the necessary nutrients so that year after year they obtain the best grain yields. <strong>Conclusion.</strong> Through the results it was possible to demonstrate the negative effect of environmental factors (higher temperature and less rainfall), on the yield of the corn crop during the year 2019, with respect to the best yield result obtained for all the treatments during the year 2020 where a lower temperature and higher rainfall were recorded. Being equally evident the positive effect on the yield when plants were fertilized with the T4 treatment that provided to the corn crop with an adequate dose of moisture and macro and micronutrients.</p>Jaime Alioscha Alioscha Cuervo ParraPablo Antonio López PérezJosé Esteban Aparicio BurgosMario Alberto Morales OvandoTeresa Romero Cortes
Copyright (c) 2023 Jaime Alioscha Alioscha Cuervo Parra, Pablo Antonio López Pérez, José Esteban Aparicio Burgos, Mario Alberto Morales Ovando, Teresa Romero Cortes
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2023-12-272023-12-2727110.56369/tsaes.5015RETURN TO ANESTRUS, EMBRYO LOSSES AND ABORTIONS AS THE MAIN CAUSES REDUCING THE FERTILITY OF GOATS EXPOSED TO THE MALE EFFECT
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/5041
<pre><strong>Background.</strong> In anestrous goats exposed to sexually active male goats ("male effect"), more than 90% display estrus and ovulate, but only 70% give birth. <strong>Objective.</strong> To determine the causes that reduce fertility at birth of goats exposed to the male effect. <strong>Methodology.</strong> Twenty-nine goats in seasonal anestrus that had a body condition of 1.3 ± 0.05 were used. Three adult male goats were exposed from November 1 to January 15 to artificial long days (16 h of light per day) followed by natural photoperiod. The three males were introduced into the group of goats on March 29, remaining with them for 15 days. Subsequently, from day 16 (April 13), only one male provided with a ventral harness to prevent copulation remained with the females until the end of the observations. Estrus, ovulations, pregnancies and their evolution over time were determined. <strong>Results.</strong> All goats were detected in estrus, and 28 of 29 ovulated. Most of the goats (23/29) were diagnosed pregnant 38 days after the introduction of males, and this proportion did not differ from that registered at 72 days (18/29; P = 0.09). Of the 23 females diagnosed pregnant at 38 days, 16 gave birth. Of the 13 goats that did not give birth, six returned to the anestrus after having presented estrus behavior associated or not with ovulations; four lost the embryo between days 45 and 58; one was diagnosed as pseudopregnant at 58 days and two aborted at 95 and 129 days of pregnancy. <strong>Implications.</strong> These results show that fertility at kidding is reduced in goats exposed to sexually active male goats, most likely due to the low body condition of the females. A nutritional supplementation could improve the fertility of females exposed to the male effect. <strong>Conclusion.</strong> The results obtained in this study allow us to conclude that returning to anestrus, embryo losses and abortions reduce the fertility of goats subjected to the male effect during the seasonal anestrus.</pre>Jose Alberto DelgadilloD. Lopez-MagañaH. HernandezJ. VielmaJ.A. Abecia
Copyright (c) 2023 Jose Alberto Delgadillo
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2023-12-272023-12-2727110.56369/tsaes.5041PRESENCE OF Chaetocapnodium zapotae IN CHICOZAPOTE (Manilkara zapota) FRUITS IN VERACRUZ, MEXICO
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/5089
<p><strong>Background. </strong>The chicozapote, is native to Central America, has economic potential, due to the properties of its fruits, wood, and the production of latex. <strong>Objective.</strong> To evaluate the incidence and severity of <em>Chaetocapnodium</em><em> zapotae</em> in <em>Manilkara zapota</em> fruits. <strong>Methodology</strong>. In the month of April 2022, the incidence and severity of<em> Chaetocapnodium</em><em> zapotae</em> were evaluated in an orchard in the Apazapan, Veracruz, Mexico area. Trees were randomly selected (25% of the total number of trees in the orchard). 20 fruits per tree were collected. The percentage of incidence was calculated with the formula: I (%)=number of fruits with signs of disease / total number of fruits evaluated *100: Severity was evaluated with a visual scale.<strong> Results</strong>. The percentage of fruits with the presence of <em>C. zapotae</em> was not significantly different between the two strata of the tree crowns (t=0.519, gl=22, p=0.609). Also, no differences were observed in the orientation of the fruits within the crown. (t=1.59, gl=22; p= 0.126). All the trees evaluated presented at least one affected fruit, with an average percentage of incidence of 39.6 ± 4.5% (mean ± standard error).<strong> Implications</strong>. With this study, the need to look for new alternatives for the commercialization of its fruits is evidenced, such as the sale of processed pulp and thus avoiding its depreciation due to the external appearance.<strong> Conclusions</strong>. This research establishes the basis for future studies that should focus on the development of strategies that minimize the negative effects of <em>C. zapotae</em>, a new species, on <em>M. zapota </em>fruits in the state of Veracruz.</p>Laura Navarro de la FuenteÁngel Trigos LandaAlejandro Salinas Castro
Copyright (c) 2023 Alejandro Salinas
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2023-12-272023-12-2727110.56369/tsaes.5089EFFECT OF STOCKING DENSITY ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF JUVENILE OF THE BLACKSTRIPE CICHLID Vieja fenestrata (CICHLIFORMES: CICHLIDAE)
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/4984
<p class="18AbstractandKeywords"><span class="Ninguno"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background:</span></strong></span><span class="Ninguno"><span lang="EN-US"> Native fish species are a developing alternative for sustainable aquaculture worldwide and in Mexico, the southern region is leading the efforts in freshwater species. <strong>Objective:</strong> To assess the effect of different stocking densities on the productive performance of native fish juveniles of blackstripe cichlid (<em>Vieja fenestrata</em>).<em> </em><strong>Methodology:</strong> A one-factor randomized experimental design was used, evaluating in triplicate four stocking densities, 0.5 (L), 2 (M), 4 (H) and 6 (S) juvenile L<sup>-1</sup>. The experiment lasted 30 days. Wet weight and total length were registered every 15 days and growth performance indices were obtained. <strong>Results:</strong> Growth and survival were superior (P<0.05) for densities L and M. However, the M density showed a higher (P<0.05) growth rate, weight gain, and condition factor. <strong>Implications:</strong> The stocking density showed an apparent effect on the growth and survival of juveniles of the blackstripe cichlid, with the M density showing the best results; however, a cost-benefit assessment is required before starting production of this tropical native species. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our results suggest that a territorial and/or food competition was probably responsible for the survival and growth obtained. Although more studies are required, it appears that <em>Vieja fenestrata</em> showed the typical patrons of behaviour of another most famous cichlids, as Nile tilapia, with high levels of aggression that depend on stoking density. </span></span></p>Flor Sánchez CruzDaniel Calzada RuizEmyr Saul Peña MarínCarlos Alfonso Álvarez GonzálezJosé Manuel Juárez BarrientosJuan Pablo Alcántar VázquezJosé Manuel Ramírez Ochoa
Copyright (c) 2023 Flor Sánchez Cruz, Juan Pablo Alcántar Vázquez, Daniel Calzada Ruiz, Emyr saul peña Marín, Carlos Alfonso Álvarez González, José Manuel Juárez Barrientos, José Manuel Ramírez Ochoa
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2024-01-302024-01-3027110.56369/tsaes.4984TWO SEXUALLY ACTIVE BUCKS HOUSED WITH FOUR SUCCESSIVE GROUPS OF ANOVULATORY DOES INDUCED HIGH PREGNANCY RATES DURING SEVEN-DAY MATING PERIODS
https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/5061
<p><strong>Background.</strong> In seasonally anovulatory goats, sexually active bucks led a high pregnancy rate during a mating period of 36 days. Progesterone priming of does can reduce the length of the mating period while maintaining high fertility by allowing oestrous behaviour at the first male-induced ovulation. <strong>Objective.</strong> To determine whether high fertilization rates could be achieved by using two sexually active bucks, alternated daily for a period of seven days in four successive groups of does. <strong>Methodology.</strong> Two control bucks were used only with one group of does (<em>n</em> = 19), whereas two experimental bucks were successively housed with four groups of does (<em>n</em> = 18 or 19 each). One of the control and experimental bucks was introduced to their respective groups in the morning and removed 24 h later to rest for 24 h. Immediately after the removal of the first buck, the second buck was placed with the group of does. Each doe was treated with 25 mg of progesterone im 48 h prior to the first introduction of bucks to reduce short ovulatory cycles. <strong>Results.</strong> In each group, the proportion of does that ovulated was higher than 93%. These proportions did not differ among groups exposed to the control or experimental bucks (<em>P</em> > 0.05). In each group, the proportion of pregnant does was higher than 78%; proportions did not differ among groups (<em>P</em> > 0.05). <strong>Implications. </strong>At farms with few bucks, efficient management of sexually active bucks can yield a high percentage of pregnant females. <strong>Conclusion.</strong> These results indicate that two sexually active bucks housed with four successive groups of progesterone-treated anovulatory does during a mating period of seven days were able to achieve high pregnancy rates.</p><div id="gtx-trans" style="position: absolute; left: -60px; top: -20px;"> </div>L.A. Espinoza FloresJ.D. Andrade EsparzaJ. VielmaD. Lopez MagañaL.A. ZarazagaH. HernandezM. KellerP. ChemineauJose Alberto Delgadillo
Copyright (c) 2023 Jose Alberto Delgadillo
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2024-01-302024-01-3027110.56369/tsaes.5061