BUFFALOES' REPRODUCTIVE AND PRODUCTIVE TRAITS AS AFFECTED BY HEAT STRESS

Abstract

The reproductive traits of buffaloes are affected by climatic changes. In some areas of the world, buffaloes breed throughout the year, but more so in some seasons and a little less in other seasons. In other areas, buffaloes are considered seasonal breeders, since the majority of animals come into oestrus during certain season. Ambient temperature and relative humidity showed a direct effect on breeding efficiency. Heat stress reduces the intensity and duration of oestrus at temperature-humidity index (THI) >25 in hot and <25 in cold seasons. Contrarily, there is a tendency for better performance during the cool months. Generally, it seems that a number of factors, singly or in combination, cause the marked seasonal breeding behaviour. Management, housing and photoperiod may be of the factors that change the manner of manifestation of oestrous symptoms during summer months. The present article reviews buffalo reproductive and productive traits as affected by heat stress: under hot climate conditions. Other animals are included whenever needed.